The DOI matches its Crossref record; 177 of the 178 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure
Abstract
A theory was proposed to reconcile paradoxical findings on the invariance of personality and the variability of behavior across situations. For this purpose, individuals were assumed to differ in (a) the accessibility of cognitive-affective mediating units (such as encodings, expectancies and beliefs, affects, and goals) and (b) the organization of relationships through which these units interact with each other and with psychological features of situations. The theory accounts for individual differences in predictable patterns of variability across situations (e.g., if A then she X, but if B then she Y), as well as for overall average levels of behavior, as essential expressions or behavioral signatures of the same underlying personality system. Situations, personality dispositions, dynamics, and structure were reconceptualized from this perspective.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Accordingly, individual's rejection sensitivity may be elicited only in threatening situations (e.g., child maltreatment).”
From Child Maltreatment as a Risk Factor for Rejection Sensitivity: A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
In the citing paper
“By contrast, focus on state- specific measures echoes modern personality science, which defines a trait via a person's profile of states 52,53 .”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“A person's profile - when aggregating across state- specific expressions of a characteristic - is typically stable over time.”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“At the same time, state- specific expression of a characteristic will systematically vary across situations.”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“As emphasized by Mischel and Shoda [1995] and Roberts and Jackson [2008], situations may change over time as a function of past actions, past situations, investment, information, and the like.”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Mischel and Shoda [1995]
In the citing paper
“The CAPS theory (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) explains why and how people's behavior varies stably across situations.”
From Associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health outcomes: A meta-analytic review (2017) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
In the citing paper
“The cognitive-affective processing systems (CAPS) framework (Mischel, 1973;Mischel & Shoda, 1995) can be used to account for possible associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health problems.”
From Associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health outcomes: A meta-analytic review (2017) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
In the citing paper
“the cognitive-affective processing systems (CAPS) framework (Ayduk & Gyurak, 2008;Mischel, 1973;Mischel & Shoda, 1995) states that individuals with high levels of rejection sensitivity may misinterpret and distort the actions of others, which may lead to feelings of anger, loneliness, or depression.”
From Associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health outcomes: A meta-analytic review (2017) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
Citations
Cites
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995
(1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 19,180
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G. E., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,518
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 · Cited by 9,745
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS
Bannister, D., & Fransella, F. (2010) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203405321_chapter_1 · Cited by 8,589
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151 · Cited by 8,094
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,013
Geofencing in location-based behavioral research: Methodology, challenges, and implementation
Shevchenko, Y., & Reips, U. (2023) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02213-2 · Cited by 67
Understanding the Costs of Support Transactions in Daily Life
McClure, M. J., Xu, J. H., Craw, J., Lane, S. P., Bolger, N. P., & Shrout, P. E. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12061 · Cited by 60
Pattern destabilization and emotional processing in cognitive therapy for personality disorders
Hayes, A. M., & Yasinski, C. W. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00107 · Cited by 64
You Say the Party is Dull, I Say It is Lively
Rauthmann, J. F. (2011) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550611427609 · Cited by 63
The Philosophical Personality Argument
Feltz, A., & Cokely, E. T. (2011) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-011-9731-4 · Cited by 59
The relation between self-aspect congruence, personality and subjective well-being
Pavot, W., Fujita, F., & Diener, E. (1997) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(96)00196-1 · Cited by 56
Changes in attitudes towards war and violence after September 11, 2001
Carnagey, N. L., & Anderson, C. A. (2007) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20173 · Cited by 58
Michel, J. S., & Hargis, M. B. (2016) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-016-9584-4 · Cited by 64
A Relational Schema Approach to Social Support
Pierce, T., Baldwin, M. W., & Lydon, J. E. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1843-7_2 · Cited by 56
Role ambiguity and self-efficacy: The moderating effects of goal orientation and procedural justice
Li, A., & Bagger, J. (2008) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.07.008 · Cited by 61
Irrational Beliefs and Behavioral Misregulation in the Role of Alcohol Abuse Among College Students
Hutchinson, G. T., Patock‐Peckham, J. A., Cheong, J., & Nagoshi, C. T. (1998) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1023/a:1024950407778 · Cited by 56
Reyes, A. D. L., Drabick, D. A. G., Makol, B. A., & Jakubovic, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1738238 · Cited by 56
The utility of vignettes to stimulate reflection on professionalism: theory and practice
Bernabeo, E. C., Holmboe, E. S., Ross, K., Chesluk, B. J., & Ginsburg, S. (2012) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-012-9384-x · Cited by 57
Social interaction processes and personality
Back, M. D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00008-x · Cited by 58
EXPERTISE AND DECISION‐MAKING IN THE LINKING OF CAR CRIME SERIES
Santtila, P. O., Korpela, S., & Häkkänen, H. (2004) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316021000030559 · Cited by 55
Mueller, E. T., Landes, R. D., Kowal, B. P., Yi, R., Stitzer, M. L., Burnett, C. A., & Bickel, W. K. (2009) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283305ec7 · Cited by 54
An IF–THEN theory of personality: Significant others and the relational self
Andersen, S. M., & Thorpe, J. S. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.040 · Cited by 54
Connelly, B. S., McAbee, S. T., Oh, I., Jung, Y., & Jung, C.-W. (2021) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000732 · Cited by 54
Sava, F. A. (2009) · Cited by 54
Grossmann, I., Sahdra, B. K., & Ciarrochi, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00068 · Cited by 63
Phillips, S. P., Auais, M. A., Bélanger, E., Alvarado, B., & Zunzunegui, M. V. (2016) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.007 · Cited by 62
Simply the best, better than all the rest? Validity issues in selections in elite sport
Johansson, A., & Fahlén, J. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954117718020 · Cited by 61
An eye for an eye: does subordinates’ negative workplace gossip lead to supervisor abuse?
Naeem, M., Weng, Q. D., Ali, A., & Hameed, Z. (2019) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-05-2018-0174 · Cited by 58
Role stressors as predictors of changes in womens’ optimistic expectations
Atienza, A. A., Stephens, M. A. P., & Townsend, A. L. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.09.016 · Cited by 54
Understanding Sport Behavior: A Cognitive-Affective Processing Systems Approach
Smith, R. E. (2006) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200500471293 · Cited by 59
The meaning and measurement of moral judgment competence : a dual-aspect model
Lind, G. (2008) · Cited by 54
COMMENTARY: "Spiritual Role Modeling: The Teaching of Meaning Systems"
Silberman, I. (2003) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1303_03 · Cited by 54
Heller, D. A., Perunovic, W. Q. E., & Reichman, D. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.011 · Cited by 57
Workplace Helping: Interactive Effects of Personality and Momentary Positive Affect
Conway, J. M., Rogelberg, S. G., & Pitts, V. E. (2009) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959280903120279 · Cited by 54
Blumer, T., & Döring, N. M. (2012) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2012-3-5 · Cited by 53
The Determinants of Reported Personal and Household Hygiene Behaviour: A Multi-Country Study
Aunger, R. V., Greenland, K., Ploubidis, G. B., Schmidt, W., OXFORD, J. S., & Curtis, V. A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159551 · Cited by 53
Rogers, A. A., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Lewis, V., Krug, I., & Richardson, B. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.09.007 · Cited by 53
Personality development in psychotherapy: a synergetic model of state-trait dynamics
Schöller, H. J., Viol, K., Aichhorn, W., Hütt, M. ‐., & Schiepek, G. K. (2018) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-018-9488-y · Cited by 57
Na, J., Grossmann, I., Varnum, M. E. W., Karasawa, M., Cho, Y., Kitayama, S., & Nisbett, R. E. (2019) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12536 · Cited by 58
Barrieren und Barrierenmanagement im Prozess der Sportteilnahme
Krämer, L. V., & Fuchs, R. (2010) · Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie · doi:10.1026/0943-8149/a000026 · Cited by 56
Self‐Regulation across the Life Span
Geldhof, G. J., Little, T. D., & Colombo, J. A. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470880166.hlsd002005 · Cited by 53
Culture and Institutional Logics
Thornton, P. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.10455-6 · Cited by 53
The Unconscious Relational Self
Andersen, S. M., Reznik, I., & Glassman, N. S. (2006) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307696.003.0017 · Cited by 52
Aggarwal, A., Nobi, K., Mittal, A., & Rastogi, S. (2021) · Benchmarking An International Journal · doi:10.1108/bij-08-2020-0414 · Cited by 52
Revisiting Behavioral Integrity: Progress and New Directions After 20 Years
Simons, T. L., Leroy, H., & Nishii, L. H. (2021) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-062016 · Cited by 52
Kuper, N., Kroencke, L., Harari, G. M., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000438 · Cited by 55
Chen, X., Cheng, Z., & Yang, H.-J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387817 · Cited by 52
Alicke, M. D., Zell, E., & Guenther, C. L. (2013) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407188-9.00004-1 · Cited by 52
Uher, J., Addessi, E., & Visalberghi, E. M. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.013 · Cited by 52
Curren, R., & Kotzee, B. (2014) · Theory and Research in Education · doi:10.1177/1477878514545205 · Cited by 52
Lunansky, G., van Borkulo, C. D., & Borsboom, D. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2263 · Cited by 58
Contingencies of self-worth: Progress and prospects
Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., & Sommers, S. R. (2004) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463280440000017 · Cited by 58
Reflections on the Self-Fulfilling Effects of Positive Illusions
Murray, S., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (2003) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2003.9682895 · Cited by 52
Moderators of self-other agreement: Reconsidering temporal stability in personality.
Biesanz, J. C., West, S. G., & Graziano, W. G. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.75.2.467 · Cited by 52
Situational Judgement Tests for Selection
Corstjens, J., Lievens, F., & Krumm, S. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118972472.ch11 · Cited by 55
Personality in cross-cultural perspective
Dragūns, J. G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.035 · Cited by 51
Individual values and well‐being: The moderating role of personality traits
Bojanowska, A., & Urbańska, B. (2021) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12751 · Cited by 51
Ordinary Social Interaction and the Main Effect Between Perceived Support and Affect
Lakey, B., Molen, R. J. V., Fles, E. H., & Andrews, J. P. (2015) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12190 · Cited by 62
McConnell, A. R., Shoda, T. M., & Skulborstad, H. M. (2012) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2012.30.4.380 · Cited by 53
Dynamic Interracial/Intercultural Processes: The Role of Lay Theories of Race
Hong, Y., Chao, M. M., & No, S. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00582.x · Cited by 54
Identified ambivalence: When cognitive conflicts can help individuals overcome cognitive traps.
Guarana, C. L. O., & Hernandez, M. (2016) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000105 · Cited by 54
Pavani, J., Vigouroux, S. L., Kop, J., Congard, A., & Dauvier, B. (2017) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2109 · Cited by 59
Dynamic differentials of stress and coping.
Neufeld, R. W. J. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.2.385 · Cited by 52
Lewis, M. D. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489709.008 · Cited by 52
Self and identity in personality psychology
McAdams, D. P., Trzesniewski, K., Lilgendahl, J., Benet-Martinez, V., & Robins, R. W. (2021) · Personality Science · doi:10.5964/ps.6035 · Cited by 50
Informant Reports in Clinical Assessment
Reyes, A. D. L., & Makol, B. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00113-8 · Cited by 52
Castelli, L., & Tomelleri, S. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.04.006 · Cited by 50
State narcissism and aggression: The mediating roles of anger and hostile attributional bias
Li, C., Sun, Y., Ho, M. Y., You, J., Shaver, P. R., & Wang, Z. (2015) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21629 · Cited by 50
Yagil, D., & Medler-Liraz, H. (2016) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000049 · Cited by 57
Personality architecture and dynamics: The new agenda and what's new about it
Cervone, D., & Little, B. R. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.001 · Cited by 52
Attachment theory and its place in contemporary personality theory and research.
Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2008) · Cited by 50
Can coaching leadership encourage subordinates to speak up? Dual perspective of cognition-affection
Yuan, C., Wang, Y., Huang, W., & Zhu, Y. (2019) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-01-2018-0009 · Cited by 58
Why Do Women Not Use the Bathroom? Women’s Attitudes and Beliefs on Using Public Restrooms
Hartigan, S. M., Bonnet, K. R., Chisholm, L. P., Kowalik, C. G., Dmochowski, R. R., Schlundt, D. G., & Reynolds, W. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17062053 · Cited by 50
Halvorson, M. A., Pedersen, S. L., Feil, M. C., Lengua, L. J., Molina, B. S. G., & King, K. M. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120939161 · Cited by 55
Congard, A., Dauvier, B., Antoine, P., & Gilles, P. (2011) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.04.004 · Cited by 57
Rejection sensitivity and schema-congruent information processing biases
Mor, N., & Inbar, M. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.01.001 · Cited by 50
Tryon, W. W. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618765791 · Cited by 49
Can art promote understanding? A review of the psychology and neuroscience of aesthetic cognitivism.
Christensen, A. P., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. K. (2023) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/aca0000541 · Cited by 52
The Water Surrounding the Iceberg: Cultural Racism and Health Inequities
Michaels, E. K., Lam-Hine, T., Nguyen, T. T. X., Gee, G. C., & Allen, A. M. (2023) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12662 · Cited by 56
From Stress to Screen: Understanding Cyberloafing through Cognitive and Affective Pathways
Lu, X., Wang, Y., Chen, X., & Lu, Q. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14030249 · Cited by 57
Ingold, P. V., Kleinmann, M., König, C. J., & Melchers, K. G. (2015) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12105 · Cited by 53
The general factor of personality: Substance or artefact?
Paul Irwing, B. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.002 · Cited by 51
Nature, Nurture, and Their Interplay
Sasaki, J. Y., & Kim, H. S. (2016) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022116680481 · Cited by 49
Sustainable Consumption Behavior at Home and in the Workplace: Avenues for Innovative Solutions
Banytė, J., Šalčiuvienė, L., Dovalienė, A., Piligrimienė, Ž., & Sroka, W. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12166564 · Cited by 49
Personal Values and Conflicting Motivational Forces in the Context of Imposed Change
Sverdlik, N., & Oreg, S. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00588.x · Cited by 49
Culture, Norms, and the Assessment of Communication Contexts: Multidisciplinary Perspectives
Lefringhausen, K., Spencer‐Oatey, H., & Debray, C. (2019) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022119889162 · Cited by 51
The Chinese Conception of the Self
Yang, C.-F. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28662-4_15 · Cited by 48
The Org-B5: Development of a Short Work Frame-of-Reference Measure of the Big Five
Pathki, C. S., Kluemper, D. H., Meuser, J. D., & McLarty, B. D. (2021) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063211002627 · Cited by 48
Maiolatesi, A. J., Clark, K. A., & Pachankis, J. E. (2022) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001109 · Cited by 50
Kutaula, S., Gillani, A., Leonidou, L. C., & Christodoulides, P. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.02.044 · Cited by 48
Wan, Z., Zhang, L., Wang, L., & Zhang, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369495 · Cited by 55
Orr, M., Thrush, R., & Plaut, D. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062490 · Cited by 58
Edmondson, D. E., Shaffer, J. A., Chaplin, W. F., Burg, M. M., Stone, A. A., & Schwartz, J. E. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.08.005 · Cited by 48
The role of proximal social contexts: Assessing stigma-by-association effects on leader appraisals.
Hernandez, M., Avery, D. R., Tonidandel, S., Hebl, M. R., Smith, A. N., & McKay, P. F. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000030 · Cited by 48
Effects of altruism and burnout on driving behavior of bus drivers
Shi, X., & Zhang, L. (2017) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.02.025 · Cited by 48
Emotionally Numb: Expertise Dulls Consumer Experience
Rocklage, M. D., Rucker, D. D., & Nordgren, L. F. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucab015 · Cited by 49
Personality science and personal projects: Six impossible things before breakfast
Little, B. R. (2004) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.003 · Cited by 48
Conceptual issues in personality theory
Cloninger, S. C. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.004 · Cited by 51
Eid, M., & Langeheine, R. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.1.100 · Cited by 48
Kazdin, A. E., & McWhinney, E. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0869-3 · Cited by 47
Interpreting Convergences and Divergences in Multi-Informant, Multimethod Assessment
Reyes, A. D. L., & Makol, B. A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190092689.013.33 · Cited by 47
Michel, J. S., & Clark, M. A. (2012) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2474 · Cited by 47
Experiments on transference in interpersonal relations: Implications for treatment.
Andersen, S. M., & Przybylinski, E. (2012) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0029116 · Cited by 47
Grassmann, M., Vlemincx, E., von Leupoldt, A., & Van den Bergh, O. (2017) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.09.006 · Cited by 45
Fang, Y., Dong, Y., & Fang, L. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12551 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shoda, Yuichi
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 246-268
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2098728364
- Cited by
- 3,889
- References
- 178
- Citations by year
- 2026: 192 · 2025: 217 · 2024: 238 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 222 · 2020: 232 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 149 · 2017: 164 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 145 · 2014: 140 · 2013: 186 · 2012: 142
- FWCI
- 45.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh045994-05, 5r01mh039263-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH39349, MH39263, MH45994)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- personality theory, situational variability, personality dispositions, personality dynamics, individual differences, behavioral signatures, goals, affect
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Cognition, Humans, Individuality, Personality, Social Behavior, Social Environment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
