The DOI matches its Crossref record; 177 of the 178 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure
Abstract
A theory was proposed to reconcile paradoxical findings on the invariance of personality and the variability of behavior across situations. For this purpose, individuals were assumed to differ in (a) the accessibility of cognitive-affective mediating units (such as encodings, expectancies and beliefs, affects, and goals) and (b) the organization of relationships through which these units interact with each other and with psychological features of situations. The theory accounts for individual differences in predictable patterns of variability across situations (e.g., if A then she X, but if B then she Y), as well as for overall average levels of behavior, as essential expressions or behavioral signatures of the same underlying personality system. Situations, personality dispositions, dynamics, and structure were reconceptualized from this perspective.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Accordingly, individual's rejection sensitivity may be elicited only in threatening situations (e.g., child maltreatment).”
From Child Maltreatment as a Risk Factor for Rejection Sensitivity: A Three-Level Meta-Analytic Review (2024) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
In the citing paper
“By contrast, focus on state- specific measures echoes modern personality science, which defines a trait via a person's profile of states 52,53 .”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“A person's profile - when aggregating across state- specific expressions of a characteristic - is typically stable over time.”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“At the same time, state- specific expression of a characteristic will systematically vary across situations.”
From Predictors and consequences of intellectual humility (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“As emphasized by Mischel and Shoda [1995] and Roberts and Jackson [2008], situations may change over time as a function of past actions, past situations, investment, information, and the like.”
From Personality Psychology and Economics (2011) · cites this paper as Mischel and Shoda [1995]
In the citing paper
“The CAPS theory (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) explains why and how people's behavior varies stably across situations.”
From Associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health outcomes: A meta-analytic review (2017) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
In the citing paper
“The cognitive-affective processing systems (CAPS) framework (Mischel, 1973;Mischel & Shoda, 1995) can be used to account for possible associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health problems.”
From Associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health outcomes: A meta-analytic review (2017) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
In the citing paper
“the cognitive-affective processing systems (CAPS) framework (Ayduk & Gyurak, 2008;Mischel, 1973;Mischel & Shoda, 1995) states that individuals with high levels of rejection sensitivity may misinterpret and distort the actions of others, which may lead to feelings of anger, loneliness, or depression.”
From Associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health outcomes: A meta-analytic review (2017) · cites this paper as Mischel & Shoda, 1995
Citations
Cites
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995
(1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 19,180
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G. E., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,518
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 · Cited by 9,745
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONAL CONSTRUCTS
Bannister, D., & Fransella, F. (2010) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203405321_chapter_1 · Cited by 8,589
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151 · Cited by 8,094
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,013
Assertiveness expectancies: How hard people push depends on the consequences they predict.
Ames, D. R. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013334 · Cited by 80
When Brokerage Between Friendship Cliques Endangers Trust: A Personality–Network Fit Perspective
Tasselli, S., & Kilduff, M. J. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0856 · Cited by 79
Situational perception and affect: Barking up the wrong tree?
Horstmann, K. T., & Ziegler, M. D. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.020 · Cited by 79
Gurmani, J. K., Khan, N. U., Khalique, M., Yasir, M. U., Obaid, A., & Sabri, N. A. A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13105594 · Cited by 86
Zacher, H. (2015) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.11.013 · Cited by 86
Emotional Gestalts: Appraisal, Change, and the Dynamics of Affect
Thagard, P. R., & Nerb, J. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0604_02 · Cited by 79
Allen, J. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0078 · Cited by 83
Persons in situations: distinguishing new wine from old wine in new bottles
Johnson, J. A. (1999) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199909/10)13:5 · Cited by 81
Self-citationPersonality assessment: Tapping the social-cognitive architecture of personality
Cervone, D. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80007-8 · Cited by 78
Yao, Z., Luo, J., Fu, N., Zhang, X., & Wan, Q. (2021) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-021-04918-w · Cited by 78
Payne, Y. A. (2011) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798410394178 · Cited by 89
Karoly, P., Okun, M. A., Ruehlman, L. S., & Pugliese, J. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9136-z · Cited by 80
Livesley, W. J. (2012) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.1.17 · Cited by 81
Effects of Item Context Specificity on the Measurement Equivalence of a Personality Inventory
Robie, C., Schmit, M. J., Ryan, A. M., & Zickar, M. J. (2000) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/109442810034003 · Cited by 78
Narcissism From the Perspective of the Dynamic Self‐Regulatory Processing Model
Morf, C. C., Torchetti, L., & Schürch, E. (2011) · The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder · doi:10.1002/9781118093108.ch6 · Cited by 77
Oxytocin and the Pharmacological Dissection of Affiliation
Bartz, J. A. (2016) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721415626678 · Cited by 77
The influence of immersion on tourists’ satisfaction via perceived attractiveness and happiness
Li, F. S., Shang, Y., & Su, Q. (2022) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-02-2022-0078 · Cited by 77
A Model of motivated cognition to account for the link between self‐monitoring and materialism
Rose, P., & DeJesus, S. (2007) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20154 · Cited by 77
Nikolaou, I. (2003) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940310502368 · Cited by 77
Rattan, A., & Dweck, C. S. (2018) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000287 · Cited by 86
Patient Adherence in Chronic Illness: Personality and Coping In Context
Wiebe, J. S., & Christensen, A. J. (1996) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00945.x · Cited by 78
How Situational Cues and Mindset Dynamics Shape Personality Effects on Career Outcomes
Heslin, P. A., Keating, L. A., & Minbashian, A. (2018) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206318755302 · Cited by 82
Emotional intelligence and servant leadership: A meta‐analytic review
Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2021) · Business Ethics the Environment & Responsibility · doi:10.1111/beer.12332 · Cited by 95
Toward Disentangling Sources of Individual Differences in Appraisal and Anger
Kuppens, P., Mechelen, I. V., & Rijmen, F. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00511.x · Cited by 76
Structured Interviewing for OCB: Construct Validity, Faking, and the Effects of Question Type
Allen, T. D., Facteau, J. D., & Facteau, C. L. (2004) · Human Performance · doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1701_1 · Cited by 77
Probing the Depths of Informant Discrepancies: Contextual Influences on Divergence and Convergence
Hartley, A. G., Zakriski, A. L., & Wright, J. C. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533404 · Cited by 76
Self-focused and feeling fine: Assessing state narcissism and its relation to well-being
Giacomin, M., & Jordan, C. H. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.04.009 · Cited by 81
Idiographic Traits: A Return to Allportian Approaches to Personality
Beck, E. D., & Jackson, J. J. (2020) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721420915860 · Cited by 76
Principles of Nidotherapy in the Treatment of Persistent Mental and Personality Disorders
Tyrer, P., Sensky, T., & Mitchard, S. (2003) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000073032 · Cited by 75
Types of inner dialogues and functions of self-talk: comparisons and implications
Oleś, P. K., Brinthaupt, T. M., Dier, R., & Polak, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00227 · Cited by 75
Facilitating retail customers’ use of AI-based virtual assistants: A meta-analysis
Blut, M., Wünderlich, N. V., & Brock, C. (2024) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2024.04.001 · Cited by 75
Putting mood in context: Using smartphones to examine how people feel in different locations
Sandstrom, G. M., Lathia, N., Mascolo, C., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.004 · Cited by 75
Sue‐Chan, C., Wood, R. E., & Latham, G. P. (2010) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310375465 · Cited by 81
Cheng, C., Kogan, A., & Chio, J. H. M. (2012) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2012.710369 · Cited by 84
Alzola, M. (2012) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.5840/beq201222224 · Cited by 79
Feeser, M., Fan, Y., Weigand, A., Hahn, A., Gärtner, M., Böker, H., Grimm, S., & Bajbouj, M. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.12.015 · Cited by 74
The consistency of inconsistency in serial homicide: patterns of behavioural change across series
Sorochinski, M., & Salfati, C. G. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling · doi:10.1002/jip.118 · Cited by 74
Wrzus, C., Luong, G., Wagner, G. G., & Riediger, M. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000308 · Cited by 82
Smith, T. W., Traupman, E. K., Uchino, B. N., & Berg, C. A. (2010) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00641.x · Cited by 74
Influencing Learning States to Enhance Trainee Motivation and Improve Training Transfer
Weissbein, D. A., Huang, J. L. W., Ford, J. K., & Schmidt, A. M. (2010) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9198-x · Cited by 74
Personality Theories for the 21st Century
McCrae, R. R. (2011) · Teaching of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0098628311411785 · Cited by 84
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Rebar, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114540320 · Cited by 74
Chung, M. C., AlQarni, N., AlMazrouei, M., Muhairi, S. A., Shakra, M., Mitchell, B., Mazrouei, S. A., & Hashimi, S. A. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.035 · Cited by 74
Smith, R. E., Shoda, Y., Cumming, S. P., & Smoll, F. L. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.006 · Cited by 73
Self-citationThe Simple Life: On the Benefits of Low Self-Complexity
McConnell, A. R., Strain, L. M., Brown, C. M., & Rydell, R. J. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209334785 · Cited by 73
Hafen, C. A., Spilker, A., Chango, J. M., Marston, E. G., & Allen, J. P. (2014) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12081 · Cited by 83
Measuring Information Preferences
Ho, E., Hagmann, D., & Loewenstein, G. F. (2018) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2019.3543 · Cited by 73
Zhu, L., Li, H., Nie, K., & Gu, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730636 · Cited by 83
Sternberg, R. J. (2021) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence9040058 · Cited by 81
Dickens, G. L., Piccirillo, M., & Alderman, N. (2012) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00888.x · Cited by 73
Ybarra, O., Kross, E. F., & Sanchez‐Burks, J. (2013) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2012.0106 · Cited by 84
MBTI Personality Types of Project Managers and Their Success: A Field Survey
Cohen, Y., Ornoy, H., & Keren, B. (2013) · Project Management Journal · doi:10.1002/pmj.21338 · Cited by 73
Burnette, J. L., Pollack, J. M., & Hoyt, C. L. (2010) · Journal of Leadership Studies · doi:10.1002/jls.20138 · Cited by 72
Berenson, K. R., & Andersen, S. M. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206291671 · Cited by 72
Kelley, H. H. (1997) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0102_3 · Cited by 73
Roche, M. J., Jacobson, N. C., & Pincus, A. L. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000177 · Cited by 78
The Person–Situation Interaction
Kihlstrom, J. F. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199730018.013.0038 · Cited by 73
Temperament and common disruptive behavior problems in preschool
Martel, M. M., Gremillion, M. L., & Roberts, B. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.011 · Cited by 72
Michel, J. S., & Bowling, N. A. (2012) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-012-9265-6 · Cited by 72
Miskewicz, K. R., Fleeson, W., Arnold, E. M., Law, M. K., Mneimne, M., & Furr, R. M. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2015.29.4.486 · Cited by 72
Carpenter, R. W., Wycoff, A. M., & Trull, T. J. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116632341 · Cited by 72
Getting to the core of locus of control: Is it an evaluation of the self or the environment?
Johnson, R. E., Rosen, C. C., Chang, C.-H. D., & Lin, S. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000011 · Cited by 78
Kristof‐Brown, A. L., & Billsberry, J. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118320853.ch1 · Cited by 72
Sex differences in anger-related behaviour: Comparing expectancies to actual behaviour
Weber, H., & Wiedig‐Allison, M. (2007) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930701202111 · Cited by 72
Bugental, D. B., Lewis, J. C., Lin, E. K., Lyon, J. E., & Kopeikin, H. S. (1999) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.35.6.1367 · Cited by 71
Discriminative Facility and Its Role in the Perceived Quality of Interactional Experiences
Cheng, C., Chiu, C., Hong, Y., & Cheung, J. S. (2001) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/1467-6494.695163 · Cited by 73
Gender, psychopathy factors, and intimate partner violence.
Mager, K. L., Bresin, K., & Verona, E. (2014) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000072 · Cited by 70
Free Traits, Personal Projects and Idio-Tapes: Three Tiers for Personality Psychology
Little, B. R. (1996) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0704_6 · Cited by 70
Keeping One's Cool: Trait Anger, Hostile Thoughts, and the Recruitment of Limited Capacity Control
Wilkowski, B. M., & Robinson, M. D. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207301031 · Cited by 70
Wallenius, M. (1999) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1006/jevp.1998.0118 · Cited by 72
Byrne, Z. S., Stoner, J. S., Thompson, K. R., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2004) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.005 · Cited by 70
Risk Factors and the Adversity‐Stress Model
Bowman, M. L., & Yehuda, R. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713570.ch2 · Cited by 74
Profile analysis in person–situation integration
Furr, R. M. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.08.002 · Cited by 69
Smarter, Not Harder: A Toolbox Approach to Enhancing Self-Control
Fujita, K., Orvell, A., & Kross, E. F. (2020) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732220941242 · Cited by 74
Liu, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, Q., & Hu, L. (2021) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.006 · Cited by 73
Expression Modalities: How Speaking Versus Writing Shapes Word of Mouth
Berger, J. A., Rocklage, M. D., & Packard, G. M. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucab076 · Cited by 73
Fisher, A. J., Newman, M. G., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024069 · Cited by 69
McFarland, L. A., Yun, G. J., Harold, C. M., Viera, L., & Moore, L. G. (2005) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00374.x · Cited by 74
An Integrative Conceptual Framework for Assessing Personality and Personality Pathology
Leising, D., & Zimmermann, J. (2011) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025070 · Cited by 69
Sexual Narcissism and Infidelity in Early Marriage
McNulty, J. K., & Widman, L. M. (2014) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0282-6 · Cited by 73
Higgins, E. T. (2000) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/1099-0984(200009/10)14:5 · Cited by 70
Hierarchy, leadership, and construal fit.
Berson, Y., & Halevy, N. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/xap0000017 · Cited by 69
An Empirical Study on Corporate ESG Behavior and Employee Satisfaction: A Moderating Mediation Model
Zhang, T., Zhang, J., & Tu, S. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14040274 · Cited by 75
The Implications of Sexual Narcissism for Sexual and Marital Satisfaction
McNulty, J. K., & Widman, L. M. (2013) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-012-0041-5 · Cited by 68
Multidimensional Assessment of Beliefs About Emotion
Veilleux, J. C., Salomaa, A. C., Shaver, J. A., Zielinski, M. J., & Pollert, G. A. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114534883 · Cited by 73
Hoffman, E. L., & Lord, R. G. (2013) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.03.009 · Cited by 74
Individuality and the prejudiced personality
Reynolds, K. J., & Turner, J. C. (2006) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463280601050880 · Cited by 73
Shaw, B. R., DuBenske, L. L., Han, J. Y., Cofta-Woerpel, L. M., Bush, N. E., Gustafson, D. H., & Mctavish, F. M. (2008) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730802063546 · Cited by 70
The Behavioral Genetics of Personality Disorder
Livesley, W. J., & Jang, K. L. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141203 · Cited by 68
Holtz, B. C., Ployhart, R. E., & Dominguez, A. (2005) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.0965-075x.2005.00301.x · Cited by 69
Invisible overtures: Fears of rejection and the signal amplification bias.
Vorauer, J. D., Cameron, J. J., Holmes, J. G., & Pearce, D. G. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.793 · Cited by 68
Origins and Applications of the Interpersonal Circumplex
Fournier, M. A., David, D. S. M., & Zuroff, D. C. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118001868.ch4 · Cited by 68
The Key Ingredients of Personality Traits
Yu, Y., Read, S. J., Denson, T. F., Xu, Y., Jin, Z., & Pedersen, W. C. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213505871 · Cited by 72
Xu, C., Yao, Z., & Xiong, Z. (2022) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-022-05167-1 · Cited by 67
Cognitive factors and resilience: how self-efficacy contributes to coping with adversities
Benight, C. C., & Cieślak, R. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511994791.005 · Cited by 70
Escala Para Medir Agencia Personal y Empoderamiento (ESAGE)
Pick, S., Sirkin, J. T., Ortega, I., Osorio, P., Martínez, R., Xocolotzin, U., & Givaudan, M. (2007) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 67
Beliefs and the Big Five: Cognitive Bases of Broad Individual Differences in Personality
Langston, C. A., & Sykes, W. E. (1997) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.1997.2178 · Cited by 69
Authenticity in Context: Being True to Working Selves
Chen, S. (2018) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000160 · Cited by 72
Supporting curiosity in schools and classrooms
Peterson, E. G. (2020) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.05.006 · Cited by 66
Quirin, M., Robinson, M. D., Rauthmann, J. F., Kühl, J., Read, S. J., Tops, M., & DeYoung, C. G. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2295 · Cited by 78
Metadata
- Authors
- Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shoda, Yuichi
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 246-268
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2098728364
- Cited by
- 3,889
- References
- 178
- Citations by year
- 2026: 192 · 2025: 217 · 2024: 238 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 222 · 2020: 232 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 149 · 2017: 164 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 145 · 2014: 140 · 2013: 186 · 2012: 142
- FWCI
- 45.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh045994-05, 5r01mh039263-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH39349, MH39263, MH45994)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- personality theory, situational variability, personality dispositions, personality dynamics, individual differences, behavioral signatures, goals, affect
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Cognition, Humans, Individuality, Personality, Social Behavior, Social Environment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
