The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings.
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“One key feature of many models of visual word recognition, including the BIAM, is that there is a single type of sublexical orthographic code.”
From A Dual-Route Approach to Orthographic Processing (2011) · cites this paper as McClelland and Rumelhart, 1981
In the citing paper
“Note that the top-down messages can utilize the same recurrent excitatory mechanism that has been proposed for implementing biased competition for attentional selection. 10 -12”
From Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex (2003) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Both verification and lateral inhibition mechanisms for achieving selection between similar words predict that neighbors will have an inhibitory effect on performance.”
From The effect of orthographic similarity on lexical retrieval: Resolving neighborhood conflicts (1997) · cites this paper as McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981
In the citing paper
“This is particularly evident in models relying on parallel activation mechanisms (see, e.g., McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981), which assume that a set of lexical representations are activated by sensory input.”
From The effect of orthographic similarity on lexical retrieval: Resolving neighborhood conflicts (1997) · cites this paper as McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981
Citations
Cites
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,532
Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading
LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. (1974) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90015-2 · Cited by 3,841
Luce, R. (1959) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1911299 · Cited by 2,603
Interaction of information in word recognition.
Morton, J. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0027366 · Cited by 2,206
Bruner, J. S. (1957) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0043805 · Cited by 2,086
Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1982) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.89.1.60 · Cited by 1,530
Self-citationOn the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade.
McClelland, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.86.4.287 · Cited by 1,298
Self-citationBreitmeyer, B. G., & Ganz, L. (1976) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.83.1.1 · Cited by 1,255
Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material
Reicher, G. M. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027768 · Cited by 1,252
The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading.
Washburn, M. F., & Huey, E. B. (1908) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2177563 · Cited by 1,014
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Conflict monitoring and cognitive control
Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.624 · Cited by 7,351
Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
Clark, A. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000477 · Cited by 5,924
Dimensions of Consumer Expertise
Alba, J. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209080 · Cited by 4,375
A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.
Seidenberg, M. S., & McClelland, J. L. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.523 · Cited by 3,909
Self-citationCialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A., & Reno, R. R. (1991) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60330-5 · Cited by 3,143
Metadata
- Authors
- McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- ORCID
- McClelland, James L.
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1981-09
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 375-407
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2073257493
- Cited by
- 4,889
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 82 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 178 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 114 · 2016: 111 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 107 · 2013: 126 · 2012: 178
- FWCI
- 52.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- interactive activation model, context effects, letter perception, visual word recognition, letter recognition
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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