Cited by 424Visual perception and processing mechanismsVisual Attention and Saliency DetectionNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Attention gating in short-term visual memory.

Reeves, Adam, Sperling, George·1986·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.180

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Abstract

Subjects first detected a target embedded in a stream of letters presented at the left of fixation and then, as quickly as possible, shifted their attention to a stream of numerals at the right of fixation. They attempted to report, in order, the four earliest occurring numerals after the target. Numerals appeared at rates of 4.6,6.9,9.2, and 13.4/s. Scaling analyses were made of (a) item scores, P,(r), the probability of a numeral from stimulus position i appearing in response position r,r = (l,2,3, 4), and (b) order scores, PiBj, the probability that a numeral from stimulus position / ' appeared earlier in the response than one from stimulus position;'. For all subjects, targets, and numeral rates, the relative position of numerals in the response sequence showed clustering, disorder, and folding. Reported numerals tended to cluster around a stimulus position 400 ms after the target. The numerals were reported in an apparently haphazard order—at high numeral rates, inverted iBj pairs were as frequent as correct pairs. The actual order of report resulted from a mixture of correctly ordered numerals with numerals ordered in the direction opposite to their order of presentation (folding around the cluster center). These results are quantitatively described by a strength theory of order (precedence) and are efficiently predicted by a computational attention gating model (AGM). The AGM makes quantitatively correct predictions of over 500 values ofPt(r), PIBj in 12 conditions with two attention

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Method
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Background
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Background
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BackgroundInfluential
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Background
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Background
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Morawetz, C., Baudewig, J., Treue, S., & Dechent, P. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70014-x
Dividiendo la atención entre dos objetivos: una revisión sobre el efecto de piscar atencional
Arend, I. C. (2005) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
Beyond Classical Retinotopy: Striate Cortical Mechanisms Associated with Voluntary Saccades and Attention
Bodis-Wollner, I. G. (2002) · Topics in biomedical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5865-8_7
The allocation of attentional resources across the visual field: Impact of eccentricity and perceptual load
Morawetz, C. (2008) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-1322
UCI, Spring, 1999. Special Topics in Human Cognition: Theories of Attention
Psych, U., Dosher, B. A., Psych, U., & Lu, Z. (1999)
Feature-based attention in primate visual cortex
Schwedhelm, P. (2016) · doi:10.53846/goediss-5732
Attention Capture and Effective Warning
Ding, A. W. (2009) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60566-228-2.ch001
Endogenous and exogenous attention recover target identity during crowding
Nador, J. (2015) · doi:10.17760/d20195273
The neuropharmacology of attentional modulation in primate visual cortex
Veith, V. K. (2016) · doi:10.53846/goediss-5875
Proposal of multi-lingual sentence reading for mobile communication
Maeda, T., & Yajima, M. (2017) · 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) · doi:10.1109/iccnc.2017.7876246
“Reeves et al. [8] claim that investigated attention shift to a stream of numerals, in rapid serial visual presentation, using three graduate students with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.”
Spatial and temporal processing biases in visual working memory in specific anxiety
Reinecke, A. (2007) · Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)
Directional Limits on Motion Transparency Assessed Through Colour-Motion Binding
Maloney, R. T., Clifford, C. W. G., & Mareschal, I. (2017) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006617745010
“…the substrate for the subsequent relative direction judgement; or by influencing the perceptual decision itself (Awh, Vogel, &Oh, 2006; Bundesen, Habekost, &Kyllingsbaek, 2011; Reeves & Sperling, 1986; Smith & Ratcliff, 2009; Sperling &Weichselgartner, 1995; White, Rolfs, & Carrasco, 2015).”
Background
Cross-modal anchoring: magnitude priming based on length leads to contrast effect in numerosity judgment
Tomczak, P. (2019) · Polish Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.24425/119508
“Classical studies (i.e. Reeves & Sperling, 1986; Weichselgartner & Sperling, 1987) report two time-thresholds that are connected with attentional processing – up to 100 ms, in which responses are a result of an automatic attention, and 200–300 ms, which is an indicator of slow and effortful…”
Background
Preprint:The neglected contribution of memory encoding in spatial cueing: A new theory of costs and benefitsPreprint
Chen, H., & Wyble, B. (2017) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/87yg2
Word Length Interval Dependency for Mobile Rapid Sentence Reading
Maeda, T., Wakatani, A., & Yajima, M. (2019) · International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops (FiCloudW) · doi:10.1109/ficloudw.2019.00022
“Reeves et al. [8] claim that Three graduate students with normal vision or correctly corrected vision were used to investigate the shift of attention to the stream of numbers in rapid continuous visual representation.”
Method
Categorisation in infants and adults : perceptual saliency as a function of timing
Spencer, J. V. (2000) · UCL Discovery (University College London)

Authors: Reeves, A., & Sperling, G.
Affiliations: Northeastern University (US)
ORCID: Reeves, Adam
Sperling, George
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1986
Volume: 93
Issue: 2
Pages: 180-206
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.180
OpenAlex: W2119524737
Cited by: 422
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 15.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: attentional gating, visual short-term memory, attentional blink, target detection, precedence, stimulus presentation rate
MeSH terms: Attention, Form Perception, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychophysics, Visual Fields

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Attention gating in short-term visual memory.

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