The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple code activation in word recognition: evidence from rhyme monitoring
Abstract
Seidenberg and Tanenhaus reported that orthographically similar rhymes were detected more rapidly than dissimilar rhymes in a rhyme monitoring task with auditory stimulus presentation. The present experiments investigated the hypothesis that these results were due to a rhyme production-frequency bias in favor of similar rhymes that was present in their materials. In three experiments, subjects monitored short word lists for the word that rhymed with a cue presented prior to each list. All stimuli were presented auditorily. Cue-target rhyme production frequency was equated for orthographically similar and dissimilar rhymes. Similar rhymes were detected more rapidly in all three experiments, indicating that orthographic information was accessed in auditory word recognition. The results suggest that multiple codes are automatically accessed in word recognition. This entails a reinterpretation of phonological "recording" in visual word recognition.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Furthemore, a dramatic interference of orthography on speech perception has been evidenced in a variety of behavioral tasks including rhyme detection (Donnenwerth-Nolan et al., 1981), syllable monitoring (Taft and Hambly, 1985), lexical decision (Ziegler and Ferrand, 1998), and phoneme monitoring.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Donnenwerth-Nolan et al., 1981
Citations
Cites
A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.82.6.407 · Cited by 8,141
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,532
Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes
Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60422-3 · Cited by 7,216
Retrieval time from semantic memory
Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1969) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(69)80069-1 · Cited by 3,265
Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: Evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations.
Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031564 · Cited by 2,974
Neely, J. H. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.106.3.226 · Cited by 2,826
The language-as-fixed-effect fallacy: A critique of language statistics in psychological research
Clark, H. H. (1973) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(73)80014-3 · Cited by 2,265
Interaction of information in word recognition.
Morton, J. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0027366 · Cited by 2,206
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Hilgard, E. R. (1948) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · doi:10.1037/10757-000 · Cited by 1,335
Learning to Learn: On Training Students to Learn from Texts
Brown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Day, J. D. (1981) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x010002014 · Cited by 773
Frameworks for Comprehending Discourse
Anderson, R. C., Reynolds, R. E., Schallert, D. L., & Goetz, E. T. (1977) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312014004367 · Cited by 684
A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Reading Comprehension
Steffensen, M. S., Joag-Dev, C., & Anderson, R. C. (1979) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.2307/747429 · Cited by 482
Attention and automaticity in Stroop and priming tasks: Theory and data
Logan, G. D. (1980) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(80)90019-5 · Cited by 469
Functions of graphemic and phonemic codes in visual word-recognition
Meyer, D. E., Schvaneveldt, R. W., & Ruddy, M. G. (1974) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03209002 · Cited by 437
Skills, plans, and self-regulation
Brown, A. L., & DeLoache, J. S. (1978) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 411
The speech code and learning to read.
Shankweiler, D., Liberman, I. Y., Mark, L. S., Fowler, C. A., & Fischer, F. W. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.5.6.531 · Cited by 389
Orthographic effects on rhyme monitoring.
Seidenberg, M. S., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.5.6.546 · Cited by 377
Self-citationInteraction of visual and cognitive effects in word recognition.
Becker, C. A., & Killion, T. H. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.3.3.389 · Cited by 364
Mechanisms of sentence context effects in reading: Automatic activation and conscious attention
Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1979) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197588 · Cited by 292
Warren, R. E. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032786 · Cited by 277
Söderbergh, R. (1975) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000900000945 · Cited by 262
Schema-Directed Processes in Language Comprehension
Anderson, R. C. (1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2535-2_8 · Cited by 255
Smiley, S. S., Oakley, D. D., Worthen, D., Campione, J. C., & Brown, A. L. (1977) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.69.4.381 · Cited by 245
Cognitive economy in semantic memory.
Conrad, C. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032072 · Cited by 237
Phonemic Stage Not Necessary for Reading
Baron, J. A. (1973) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640747308400343 · Cited by 233
Memory for the pragmatic implications of sentences
Brewer, W. F. (1977) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197414 · Cited by 218
Metaphor: Theoretical and empirical research.
Ortony, A., Reynolds, R. E., & Arter, J. A. (1978) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.5.919 · Cited by 216
Phonological recoding and lexical access
Davelaar, E., Coltheart, M., Besner, D., & Jónasson, J. T. (1978) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197471 · Cited by 210
Comprehension Monitoring: Identifying and Coping with Text Confusions
Baker, L. (1979) · Journal of Reading Behavior · doi:10.1080/10862967909547342 · Cited by 197
The zone of potential development: implications for intelligence testing in the year 2000
Brown, A. L., & French, L. A. (1979) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0160-2896(79)90021-7 · Cited by 185
The deaf schoolchild : language and cognitive function
Conrad, R. (1979) · Harper & Row eBooks · Cited by 180
Associative facilitation without expectancy in a lexical decision task.
Fischler, I. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.3.1.18 · Cited by 176
Aspects of code-switching in the discourse of bilingual Mexican-American children
McClure, E. (1977) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 175
Orthographic and phonological activation in auditory and visual word recognition
Tanenhaus, M. K., Flanigan, H. P., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1980) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03213770 · Cited by 172
Self-citationLearning and Development: the Problems of Compatibility, Access and Induction
Brown, A. L. (2009) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000272791 · Cited by 162
Effects of Inconsistent Information on Text Processing: Evidence for Comprehension Monitoring
Baker, L., & Anderson, R. I. (1982) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.2307/747487 · Cited by 159
Massaro, D. W. (1975) · Cited by 151
Teaching the process of reading comprehension
Collins, A., & Smith, E. E. (1980) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 141
Monitoring Sentence Comprehension
Cutler, A., & Norris, D. G. (2026) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781042009565-4 · Cited by 133
Foss, D. J., & Blank, M. A. (1980) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(80)90002-x · Cited by 130
Duane, M. J. (1970) · English in Education · doi:10.1111/j.1754-8845.1970.tb00341.x · Cited by 130
Individual differences in schema utilization during discourse processing.
Spiro, R. J., & Tirre, W. C. (1980) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.72.2.204 · Cited by 114
A Theoretical Taxonomy of The Differences Between Oral and Written Language
Rubin, A. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315107493-22 · Cited by 110
Schemata for reading and reading comprehension performance
Canney, G. F., & Winograd, P. N. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 106
On the theory and measurement of reading comprehension
Royer, J. M., & Cunningham, D. J. (1981) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/0361-476x(81)90001-1 · Cited by 105
How children understand stories : a developmental analysis
Stein, N. L. (1978) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 98
Some Issues in the Measurement of Children's Comprehension of Metaphorical Language
Reynolds, R. E., & Ortony, A. (1980) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1980.tb02660.x · Cited by 86
Evaluating Error-Correction Procedures for Oral Reading
Jenkins, J. R., & Larson, K. (1979) · The Journal of Special Education · doi:10.1177/002246697901300206 · Cited by 82
The Effects of Experience on the Selection of Suitable Retrieval Cues for Studying Texts
Brown, A. L., Smiley, S. S., & Lawton, S. C. (1978) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1128253 · Cited by 81
Tails of words: Monitoring ambiguity
Mehler, J., Seguí, J., & Carey, P. W. (1978) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(78)90507-8 · Cited by 72
The phonological nature of phoneme monitoring: A critique of some ambiguity studies
Newman, J. E., & Dell, G. S. (1978) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(78)90228-1 · Cited by 69
What good is orthographic redundancy
Adams, M. J. (1980) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 68
Inferential reconstruction in memory for connected discourse
Spiro, R. J. (1975) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 67
Graphical evaluation of hierarchical clustering schemes
Halff, H. M. (1975) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 57
A process-oriented language for describing aspects of reading comprehension
Rubin, A. D., Bruce, B. C., & Brown, J. S. (1976) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 55
Testing the development of reading and linguistic awareness
Mason, J. M. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 51
Pappas, C. C. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203056837-9 · Cited by 50
Teaching Reading Comprehension in the Middle Grades
Jenkins, J. R., & Pany, D. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315107493-30 · Cited by 50
Superficial processing of explicit inferences in text∗
Spiro, R. J., & Esposito, J. (1981) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/01638538109544524 · Cited by 47
Teacher behaviors and curriculum packages : implications for research and teacher education
Siegel, M. (1977) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 47
Influence of Topic Interest on Black Children's and White Children's Reading Comprehension
Asher, S. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb02415.x · Cited by 46
Another look at the self-questioning study technique
Anderson, T. H. (1978) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 44
Multiple theory formation in high-level perception
Woods, W. A. (1977) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 44
Interrelationship of orthography and phonological structure in learning to read
Barnitz, J. G. (1978) · ScholarWorks @ The University of New Orleans (The University of New Orleans) · Cited by 42
Sensitivity to what is important in prose
Pichert, J. W. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 42
Relation of Context Utilization and Orthographic Automaticity in Word Identification.
Schwartz, R. M. (1977) · Cited by 40
A framework for analyzing reading test characteristics
Wardrop, J. L., Anderson, T. H., Hively, W., Anderson, R. I., Hastings, C. N., & Muller, K. E. (1978) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 39
Children's knowledge about social situations : from causes to consequences
Stein, N. L., & Goldman, S. R. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 37
Hardware and software considerations in computer based course management
Alessi, S. M. (1976) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 37
Permissible inferences from the outcome of training studies in cognitive development research
Brown, A. L., & Campoine, J. C. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 37
Wigfield, A., & Asher, S. R. (1978) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 34
Questioning the notion of independent processing stages in reading.
Mason, J. M. (1977) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0663.69.3.288 · Cited by 33
The schema : a structural or a functional pattern
Iran‐Nejad, A. (1980) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 31
Levels of Processing: The Strategic Demands of Reading Comprehension
Schwartz, R. M. (1980) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.2307/747273 · Cited by 29
Internal State Words: Cultural and Situational Variation in Vocabulary Usage 1
Gearhart, M., & Hall, W. S. (2019) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315792309-11 · Cited by 28
Effect of situation on the verbalization of black inner-city children
Steffensen, M. S., & Guthrie, L. F. (1980) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 27
Issues in semantic memory : a response to Glass and Holyoak
Shoben, E. J. (1978) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 27
Prosody and children's parsing of sentences
Kleiman, G. M., Winogard, P. N., & Humphrey, M. M. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 26
Analysis of The wonderful desert
Sellner, M., & Green, G. M. (1980) · Cited by 26
Prereading : a developmental perspective
Mason, J. M. (1981) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 25
Story structure versus content effects on children's recall and evaluative inferences
Nezworski, T., Stein, N. L., & Trabasso, T. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 25
Semantic integration at the level of verb meaning
Gentner, D. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 24
A consideration of skill hierarchy approaches to the teaching of reading
Mason, J. M., Osborn, J. H., & Rosenshine, B. (1977) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 23
Limitations of readability formulas in guiding adaptations of texts
Davison, A. L. (1980) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 23
Influence of comparison training on children's referential communication.
Asher, S. R., & Wigfield, A. (1981) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.73.2.232 · Cited by 22
Organization, goals, and comprehensibility in narratives : newswriting, a case study
Green, G. M. (1979) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 16
Linguistics and the measurement of syntactic complexity : the case of raising
Davison, A. L. (1980) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 13
Contrasting the effects of some text variables on comprehension and ratings of comprehensibility
Raphael, T. E. (1980) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 8
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.
Seidenberg, M. S., & McClelland, J. L. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.523 · Cited by 3,909
Self-citationMahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A. (2008) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2008.03.004 · Cited by 1,461
Is there a causal link from phonological awareness to success in learning to read?
Castles, A. E., & Coltheart, M. (2003) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(03)00164-1 · Cited by 1,064
Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model.
Grainger, J., & Jacobs, A. M. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.518 · Cited by 947
Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area
Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.049 · Cited by 776
Metadata
- Authors
- Donnenwerth-Nolan, S., Tanenhaus, M. K., & Seidenberg, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
- Published
- 1981
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 170-180
- ISSN
- 0096-1515 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007495978
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 8.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Keywords
- word recognition, orthographic similarity, auditory word recognition, visual word recognition
- MeSH terms
- Cues, Humans, Phonetics, Reaction Time, Semantics, Speech Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
