The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reflective and reflexive action control in patients with frontal brain lesions.
Open accessAbstract
Anselika LensfelderUiiversität Mü"nchen Patients with frontal lobe damage are often unable to cope with everyday life despite their unaffected performance in tests of intelligence, language, memory, and perception (Grattan & Eslinger, l99l).This discrepancy has stimulated various models describing the planning and action control deficits in patients with frontal brain lesions.For a long time, the frontal lobes have been considered to be involved in regulating and programming behavior (e.9., Harlow, 1896/1993:'Luna,1962, 1973; Pribram, 1987;Pribram & Tubbs, 1967).Hierarchical models of brain functioning (Stuss & Benson, 1986;Tranel, Anderson, & Benton, 1994) assume that executive functions (including anticipation, goal selection, planning, monitoring, and use of feedback), located in the prefrontal cortex, control the lower level fixed functional systems (e.g., attention, memory).Other models make a distinction between explicit and im-
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“On the one hand, effects have been demonstrated in patients with frontal lobe lesions (e.g. Lengfelder & Gollwitzer, 2001) and children with ADHD (e.g. Gawrilow & Gollwitzer, 2008), suggesting that implementation intentions may be effective even in populations with suboptimal self‐regulation abilities.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Lengfelder & Gollwitzer, 2001
In the citing paper
“This aligns with previous research showing particularly strong effects in populations with impaired self‐regulation (e.g. Lengfelder & Gollwitzer, 2001).”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Lengfelder & Gollwitzer, 2001
In the citing paper
“Second, the present findings are consistent with other studies demonstrating implementation intention effects in critical populations (Brandtstaetter et al., 2001;Lengfelder & Gollwitzer, 2001).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Lengfelder & Gollwitzer, 2001
Citations
Cites
Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3 · Cited by 6,128
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.493 · Cited by 5,478
Self-citationFrom Neuropsychology to Mental Structure
Shallice, T. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511526817 · Cited by 4,072
Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Error Detection, and the Online Monitoring of Performance
Carter, C. S., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Botvinick, M. M., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.747 · Cited by 3,273
Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: Patient EVR
Eslinger, P. J., & Damasio, A. R. (1985) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.35.12.1731 · Cited by 1,426 · cited 1×
“Problems in decision making have been documented in case studies (e.g., Damasio, Tranel, & Damasio, 1991; Eslinger & Damasio, 1985; Saver & Damasio, 1991), whereas experimental studies directly addressing decision making are rare (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994; Coolidge & Griego,…”
BackgroundImplementation intentions and effective goal pursuit.
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Brandstätter, V. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.186 · Cited by 1,343
Self-citationCoding of intention in the posterior parietal cortex
Snyder, L. H., Batista, A. P., & Andersen, R. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386167a0 · Cited by 1,103
Response suppression, initiation and strategy use following frontal lobe lesions
Burgess, P. W., & Shallice, T. (1996) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)00104-2 · Cited by 854
Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington's disease: Evidence from the serial reaction time task
Knopman, D., & Nissen, M. J. (1991) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(91)90085-m · Cited by 377
Research works printed but not linked: 71
- 10.1037/0894-4105.12.1.115 · DOI
- Alderman. Central executive deficit and response to operant conditioningmethods. 6 161 1996 · DOI
- Baddeley, 1986, Working memory.
- 10.1037/0894-4105.11.2.187 · DOI
- 10.1126/science.275.5304.1293 · DOI · Paper page
- Beck, 1987, Beck Depressioninventory-manual.
- Becker, 1993, Behavioural psychotherapy of thefrontal-lobe-injured patient in an outpatientsetting., Brain Injury : [BI], 7, 515, 10.3109/02699059309008179 · DOI
- Brody, 1978, The role of frontal and parietal cortex in cognitiveprocessing. tests of spatial and sequence functions. Brain; a, Journal of Neurology, 101, 607
- Cockburn, 1995, Task interruption in prospective memory: A frontal lobefunction?, Cortex, 31, 87, 10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80107-4 · DOI
- Coolidge, 1995, Executive functions of the frontal lobes: Psychometricproperties of a self-rating scale., Psychological Reports, 77, 24, 10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.24 · DOI
- Damasio, 1985, The frontal lobes., 339
- 10.1038/386769a0 · DOI
- 10.1037/0735-7044.107.3.411 · DOI
- 10.1037/0735-7044.105.3.396 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00040-A · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00048-8 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(93)90160-2 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00168-1 · DOI
- Fukui, 1993, Utilization behavior and concomitant motor neglect by bilateralfrontal lobe damage., European Neurology, 33, 325, 10.1159/000116963 · DOI
- Fuster, 1989, The prefrontal cortex. Anatomy, physiologyand neuropsychology of the frontal lobe.
- 10.1016/0028-3932(95)90866-P · DOI · Paper page
- Goldman-Rakic, 1993, Specification of higher cortical functions., The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8, 13, 10.1097/00001199-199303000-00003 · DOI
- 10.1207/s15327957pspr0202_5 · DOI · Paper page
- Grant, 1993, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(wcst).
- Grattan, 1991, Frontal lobe damage in children and adults: A comparativereview., Developmental Neuropsychology, 7, 283, 10.1080/87565649109540496 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF00992338 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF01792433 · DOI
- Hux, 1994, Self-instruction training following neurologicalinjury., Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, 259, 10.1002/acp.2350080305 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(89)90184-X · DOI
- Jeannerod, 1997, The cognitive neuroscience ofaction.
- 10.1006/brcg.1997.0873 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90042-7 · DOI
- Knight, 1995, Role of human prefrontal cortex in attentioncontrol., 21
- Knowlton, 1996, A neostriatal learning system in humans., Science, 273, 1399, 10.1126/science.273.5280.1399 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0028-3932(70)90044-8 · DOI
- 10.1016/0010-0285(85)90009-X · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037/0894-4105.11.3.367 · DOI
- Levine. 1992 · DOI
- Lhermitte, 1983, Journal of Neurology, 106, 237
- 10.1002/ana.410190405 · DOI
- 10.1002/ana.410190404 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/1423031 · DOI
- Luria, 1962, Higher cortical functions inman.
- Mann, 1970, The effects of commitment and choice difficulty on predecisionprocesses., The Journal of Social Psychology, 82, 221, 10.1080/00224545.1970.9919954 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90051-9 · DOI
- Mesulam, 1998, From sensation to cognition. Brain; a, Journal of Neurology, 121, 1013
- Milner, 1963, Effects of different brain lesions on cardsorting., Archives of Neurology, 9, 100, 10.1001/archneur.1963.00460070100010 · DOI · Paper page
- Milner, 1985, Frontal lobes and the temporal organization ofmemory., Human Neurobiology, 4, 137
- 10.1016/0028-3932(93)90104-8 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90137-D · DOI
- Owen, 1998, Abnormal basal ganglia outflow in Parkinson's diseaseidentified with PET. Implications for higher corticalfunctions. Brain; a, Journal of Neurology, 121, 949
- 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00143-3 · DOI
- 10.1037/0278-7393.14.1.85 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00026-2 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(82)90100-2 · DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.52.2.399 · DOI
- Pribram, 1967, Short-term memory, parsing, and the primatefrontal cortex., Science, 156, 1765, 10.1126/science.156.3783.1765 · DOI
- Radloff, 1977, The CES-D scale: A self-report depressionscale for research in the general population., Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385, 10.1177/014662167700100306 · DOI · Paper page
- Rae, 1976, Table of A'., Perceptual and Motor Skills, 42, 98, 10.2466/pms.1976.42.1.98 · DOI
- Rezai, 1993, The neuropsychology of the prefrontal cortex., Archives of Neurology, 50, 636, 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540060066020 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0028-3932(96)00016-4 · DOI
- Saint-Cyr, 1988, Procedural learning and neostriatal dysfunction inman. Brain; a, Journal of Neurology, 111, 941
- 10.1016/0028-3932(91)90037-9 · DOI
- 10.1037/0894-4105.11.2.296 · DOI
- Shallice, 1989, The origins of utilization behaviour. Brain; a, Journal of Neurology, 112, 1587
- 10.1016/0010-0285(75)90012-2 · DOI
- Sohlberg, 1993, Contemporary approaches to the management of executive controldysfunction., The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8, 45, 10.1097/00001199-199303000-00006 · DOI
- Stuss, 1986, The frontal lobes.
- 10.1016/0028-3932(96)00028-0 · DOI
- von Cramon. Back to work with a chronic dysexecutive syndrome? (Acase report). 4 399 1994 · DOI
- 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90089-7 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2006) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(06)38002-1 · Cited by 3,236
“…(2002b) Study 1 Personal goals 106 .39 Koestner et al. (2002b) Study 2 New Year resolutions 38 .32 Koole and Van’t Spijjker (2000) Write a report 80 .75 Lengfelder and Gollwitzer (2001) Study 2 Go/No Go task 67 .80 Lippke and Ziegelmann (2002) Exercise 88 .18 Milne, Orbell, and Sheeran (2002)…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHow do implementation intentions promote goal attainment? A test of component processes
Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.001 · Cited by 414
Toli, A., Webb, T. L., & Hardy, G. E. (2016) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12086 · Cited by 137
Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD
Gawrilow, C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9150-1 · Cited by 103
Self-citationThe effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Breitwieser, J., & Reinelt, T. (2026) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.70065 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Lengfelder, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lengfelder, Angelika
- ORCID
- Gollwitzer, Peter M.
- Venue
- Neuropsychology
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 80-100
- ISSN
- 0894-4105 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1559
- OpenAlex
- W2171720366
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- action control, frontal lobe lesions, goal selection, implementation intentions, Tower of Hanoi, functional dissociation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Decision Making, Discrimination, Psychological, Female, Frontal Lobe, Goals, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Male, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reflex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review