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Neuropsychology of Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review.
Abstract
A comprehensive, empirically based review of the published studies addressing neuropsychological performance in adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was conducted to identify patterns of performance deficits. Findings from 33 published studies were submitted to a meta-analytic procedure producing sample-size-weighted mean effect sizes across test measures. Results suggest that neuropsychological deficits are expressed in adults with ADHD across multiple domains of functioning, with notable impairments in attention, behavioral inhibition, and memory, whereas normal performance is noted in simple reaction time. Theoretical and developmental considerations are discussed, including the role of behavioral inhibition and working memory impairment. Future directions for research based on these findings are highlighted, including further exploration of specific impairments and an emphasis on particular tests and testing conditions.
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In the citing paper
“This finding is in line with previous findings, as a review of 33 studies on the neuropsychology of adults with ADHD identified omission errors and reaction time variance as variables well able to discriminate between adults with ADHD and controls [73].”
From Assessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses of EF tests in ADHD also find significant deficits on most of the tests used to assess traditional EF constructs at the group level of analysis (comparisons of means), particularly in tasks involving response inhibition and working memory, especially in manipulative rather than merely storage and recall aspects of working memory”
From Impairment in Occupational Functioning and Adult ADHD: The Predictive Utility of Executive Function (EF) Ratings Versus EF Tests (2010) · cites this paper as Hervey et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“executive functioning deficits in ADHD are common (Barkley, 1997; Boonstra, Oosterlaan, Sergeant, & Buitelaar, 2005; Hervey, Epstein, & Curry, 2004)”
From Mindfulness Meditation Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood: Current Empirical Support, Treatment Overview, and Future Directions (2015) · cites this paper as Hervey, Epstein, & Curry, 2004
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses have reported wider cognitive differences between ADHD-adults and controls(43,44)”
From Is adult ADHD a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder? Evidence from a four-decade longitudinal cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“studies in these meta-analyses were biased toward finding larger differences because they compared clinical ADHD patients versus controls who did not represent the range of cognitive abilities in the non-ADHD population(44,45).”
From Is adult ADHD a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder? Evidence from a four-decade longitudinal cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [44]
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Rodriguez, V. J., Basurto, K. S., Finley, J.-C. A., Liu, Q., Khalid, E., Halliburton, A. M., Tse, P. K. Y., Resch, Z. J., Soble, J. R., & Ulrich, D. M. (2025) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acae050 · Cited by 8
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., & Curry, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Neuropsychology
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 485-503
- ISSN
- 0894-4105 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1559
- OpenAlex
- W2012696549
- Cited by
- 781
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, neuropsychological deficits, attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, memory impairment, reaction time, cognitive performance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time
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