Therapeutic effects of providing MMPI-2 test feedback to clients at a university counseling service: A collaborative approach.
Abstract
This study examined the therapeutic effects of sharing Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI-2) assessment results with clients. It is based on an earlier study by S. E. Finn and M. E. Tonsager (1992). Participants were 60 university students seeking psychological services from a university counseling service. All participants completed the MMPI-2 and several outcome measures. Within 2 weeks of completing the assessment, clients in the experimental group received test feedback, using a collaborative model developed by S. E. Finn (1996). Clients in the control group received test feedback only after having completed the final outcome measures and following a delay of 1 week. Compared with the control group, those who received test feedback within the time frame of the experimental conditions reported a significant increase in self-esteem immediately following the feedback session and a significant decrease in symptomatic distress at a 2-week follow-up. Overall, the findings provide further evidence for the efficacy of psychological assessment as an effective therapeutic intervention
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Collaborative Assessment and Therapeutic Assessment (C/TA) has been shown in controlled trials with adults to increase self-esteem.
“C/TA has been explored in several controlled trials with adults and has been shown to increase a range of process variables related to therapy outcomes. This includes self-esteem [26–29]”
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126 · see citing works
Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
Garfield, S. L., Bergin, A. E., & Dryden, W. (1987) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.1.4.264a · Cited by 3,998 · see citing works
Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076760 · Cited by 3,728 · see citing works
Kohut, H. (2009) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226450155.001.0001 · Cited by 3,469 · see citing works
How we should measure "change": Or should we?
Cronbach, L. J., & Furby, L. (1970) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0029382 · Cited by 2,456 · see citing works
MMPI-2 : Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 : manual for administration and scoring
Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. (1989) · University of Minnesota Press eBooks · Cited by 2,450 · see citing works
Research Methods in Social Relations
(1992) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80303-2 · Cited by 2,086 · see citing works
Lr, D., & Derogatis, L. R. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,027 · see citing works
Cheek, J. M., & Buss, A. H. (1981) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.330 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
MMPI-2: assessing personality and psychopathology
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-2421 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann Jr., W. B. (1995) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6502_8 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-2486 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 4th ed.
Bergin, A. E., & Garfield, S. L. (1994) · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Principles of Psychological Measurement
Dale, R. R., & Helmstadter, G. C. (1968) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3119229 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Kazdin, A. E., Bass, D. C., Siegel, T., & Thomas, C. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.57.4.522 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
MMPI: Clinical Assessment and Automated Interpretation
Lachar, D. (1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Therapeutic effects of providing MMPI-2 test feedback to college students awaiting therapy.
Finn, S. E., & Tonsager, M. E. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.3.278 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Meltzoff, J. (1978) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(78)90013-7 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Essentials of Mmpi-2 and Mmpi-A Interpretation
Butcher, J. N., & Williams, C. L. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Individualizing Psychological Assessment
Fischer, C. T. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203877913 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The MMPI-2 in psychological treatment
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-4177 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
MMPI interpretation manual for counselors and clinicians
Duckworth, J. C., & Duckworth, E. (1975) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The MMPI-2 With College Students
Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Dahlstrom, W. G., et al. (1990) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5401&2_1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Regional differences in MMPI responses among male college students.
Goodstein, L. D. (1954) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0062701 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
MMPI And MMPI-2: Interpretation Manual For Counselors And Clinicians
Duckworth, J. C., & Anderson, W. P. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Psychological symptoms of counseling center clients.
Johnson, R. W., Ellison, R. A., & Heikkinen, C. A. (1989) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0167.36.1.110 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The College Maladjustment Scale (MT): Norms and Predictive Validity
Kleinmuntz, B. (1961) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446102100432 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
MMPI personality patterns for various college major groups.
Norman, R. D., & Redlo, M. (1952) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0053909 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Feedback of Client-Relevant Information and Clinical Practice
Dana, R. H., & Graham, E. D. (1976) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4005_3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Therapist guide to the MMPI & MMPI-2 : providing feedback and treatment
Lewak, R. W., Marks, P. A., & Nelson, G. E. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-appraisal and perceived desirability of MMPI personality traits.
Rosen, E. (1956) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0043997 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
MMPI Interpretation Manual for Counselors and Clinicians. Third Edition.
Duckworth, J. C., & Anderson, W. P. (1986) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Desire for personal feedback: Who wants it and what does it mean for psychotherapy?
Snyder, C. R. R., Ingram, R. E., Handelsman, M. M., et al. (1982) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1982.tb00753.x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Introduction to the special section: Providing psychological test feedback to clients.
Butcher, J. N. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/h0092775 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Meta-analysis of psychological assessment as a therapeutic intervention
Poston, J. M., & Hanson, W. E. (2010) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0018679 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Interaction of Therapeutic Process and Alliance During Psychological Assessment
Ackerman, S. J., Hilsenroth, M. J., Baity, M. R., & Blagys, M. D. (2000) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa7501_7 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Psychological testing and psychological assessment: A review of evidence and issues.
Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., Eisman, E. J., Kubiszyn, T. W., & Reed, G. M. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.56.2.128 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
The Effects of Assessment Feedback on Rapport-Building and Self-Enhancement Processes
Allen, A., Montgomery, M., Tubman, J., Frazier, L., & Escovar, L. (2003) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.25.3.lw7h84q861dw6ytj · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Aldea, M. A., Rice, K. G., Gormley, B., & Rojas, A. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.09.003 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Aschieri, F., & Smith, J. D. (2012) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.627964 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Smith, J. D., & George, C. (2012) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2012.656860 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hovmand, O. R., Reinholt, N., Dichmann, K., Borisov, R., & Arnfred, S. (2023) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-023-01332-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Collaborative assessment as an intervention in the treatment of mental Illness: a systematic review
Hovmand, O. R., Rejaye Gryesten, J., Storebø, O. J., Reinholt, N., & Arnfred, S. M. (2024) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2024.2357565 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Newman, M. L., & Greenway, P.
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 122-131
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- OpenAlex
- W2156553979
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- MMPI-2, test feedback, collaboration models, university counseling services, university students, self-esteem, outcome measures
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review