Cited by 764Stress and Burnout ResearchOccupational Health and BurnoutPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A comparison of the construct validity of two burnout measures in two groups of professionals.

Shirom, Arie, Melamed, Samuel·2006·International Journal of Stress Management

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Arie ShiromTel Aviv UniversitySamuel MelamedTel Aviv University and National Institute of Occupational & EnvironmentalHealthThe authors studied certain aspects of the construct validity of the MaslachBurnout InventoryGeneral Survey (MBI-GS), the most popular measure ofburnout, and that of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM). Theseburnout measures were compared with respect to their psychometric char-acteristics and factorial validity in two groups of professionals, humanservice and other professionals (N 196 and 226, respectively), whocompleted questionnaires at work. As hypothesized, the con rmatory factoranalyses supported a two-factor and a three-factor structure invarianceacross the two groups considered for the SMBM and the MBI-GS, respec-tively, with superior t found for the SMBM.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/1072-5245.13.2.176

Cites

85 of 85 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,647
Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513 · Cited by 18,187
The measurement of experienced burnout
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030020205 · Cited by 14,496
Job burnout
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 · Cited by 12,852
Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign
Karasek, R. A. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392498 · Cited by 12,597
Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Hammer, T. H., Anderson, J. F., Gurdon, M. A., Jick, T. D., Petit, A., Stern, R. N., Schwartz, H., Vardi, Y., & Dunnette, M. D. (1977) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391755 · Cited by 11,947
EQS : structural equations program manual
Bentler, P. M. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,669
Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0381 · Cited by 8,163
Untitled work
(1996) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 7,863

Show all 85 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Boudreau, 2002, A bibliography of burnout citations, 1990-2002.
10.2307/258593 · DOI
Hobfoll, 1993, Conservation of resources: A general theory applied to burnout., 115
Hobfoll, 1993, Stress and burnout in work organizations., 41
Leiter, 2001, Burnout and health., 415
Melamed, Burnout and risk to physical health: The evidence, possible causal paths, and promising research directions., Psychological Bulletin
10.2307/259017 · DOI
Nunnaly, 1978, Psychometric theory.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 764

Mindfulness, mental health and emotion regulation among workers
Grégoire, S., Lachance, L., & Taylor, G. (2015) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v5i4.444 · Cited by 28
“Burnout was assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM; Sassi & Neveu, 2010; Shirom & Melamed, 2006), a 14-item scale that captures three factors: physical fatigue (e.g., “I felt physically fatigued”), cognitive weariness (e.g., “I was too tired to think clearly”) and emotional…”
Method
Burnout is associated with changes in error and feedback processing
Gajewski, P. D., Boden, S., Freude, G., Potter, G. G., & Falkenstein, M. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.009 · Cited by 23
Problems with task mastery, social acceptance, and role clarity explain nurses’ symptoms of burnout during the first professional years: A longitudinal study
Frögli, E., Rudman, A., Lövgren, M., & Gustavsson, P. J. (2019) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-192892 · Cited by 23
“…with three items each – exhaustion, disengagement, and inattentiveness – and each scale is composed of three mood adjectives (sample items: exhausted [exhaustion]; indifferent [disengagement]; unfocused [inattentiveness]) that were derived based on several conceptualizations of burnout [7, 47–49].”
Mind-Body Group for Teacher Stress: A Trauma-Informed Intervention Program
Eyal, M., Bauer, T., Playfair, E. C., & McCarthy, C. J. (2019) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1080/01933922.2019.1634779 · Cited by 22
Effects of teleworking on wellbeing from a gender perspective: a systematic review
Trancón, N. C., Zuazua, M., Segovia, A. O., Cifré, E., & Izquierdo, A. L. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Organizational Psychology · doi:10.3389/forgp.2024.1360373 · Cited by 35
Part-time versus full-time work: an empirical evidence-based case of nurses in Spain
Burke, R. J., Dolan, S. L., & Fıksenbaum, L. (2014) · Evidence-based HRM a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship · doi:10.1108/ebhrm-02-2013-0001 · Cited by 21
Work Fatigue Profiles: Nature, Implications, and Associations With Psychological Empowerment
Blais, A.-R., Gillet, N., Houle, S. A., Comeau, C. A., & Morin, A. J. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.596206 · Cited by 28
“, predictors and outcomes) when work fatigue is defined as a higher-order dimension (Shirom and Melamed, 2006).”
Background
Construct validation and normative data for different versions of the Shirom‐Melamed burnout questionnaire/measure in a Swedish population sample
Sundström, A. E., Söderholm, A., Nordin, M., & Nordin, S. (2022) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3200 · Cited by 22
Individual and situational predictors of psychological and physiological stress and burnout among maternity providers in Northern Ghana
Nutor, J. J., Aborigo, R., Okiring, J., Kuwolamo, I., Dorzie, J. B. K., Getahun, M., Mendes, W. B., & Afulani, P. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278457 · Cited by 25
“Burnout: we used the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), which assesses the degree of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by stress [38].”
Method
Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal
Costa, A., de Almeida, T. C., Fialho, M., Rasga, C., Martiniano, H., Santos, O., Virgolino, A., Vicente, A. M., & Heitor, M. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043131 · Cited by 22
“Burnout assessment was performed using the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (MBSM) [35,36].”
Method
Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey on a Representative Sample of Dominican Teachers: Normative Data
Tomás, J. M., Santos, S. D. L., Alonso-Andrés, A., & Fernández, I. (2016) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2016.91 · Cited by 20
“…& Nachreiner, 1998), the Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals (Jones, 1980), the Burnout Measure (Malakh-Pines & Aronson, 1988), the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM; Shirom & Melamed, 2006), and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (Kristensen, Borritz, Villadsen, & Christensen, 2005).”
Background
Universalidad del constructo del Maslach Burnout Inventory en un contexto latinoamericano
Kulakova, O. V., Jiménez, B. M., Garrosa, E., Hernández, M. O. S., & Aragón, A. (2017) · Acta de Investigación Psicológica · doi:10.1016/j.aipprr.2017.05.001 · Cited by 21
Mental Workload and Other Causes of Different Types of Fatigue in Rail Staff
Fan, J., & Smith, A. P. (2019) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14273-5_9 · Cited by 20
On the global and specific nature of psychological need satisfaction and work motivation in predicting employees' wellbeing: a self-determination theory perspective
Blechman, Y., Tóth‐Király, I., Nadon, L., Fernet, C., & Morin, A. J. S. (2022) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2022.76 · Cited by 23
“Burnout is typically assumed to result from exposure to chronic work stressors (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001; Shirom & Melamed, 2006) and is known to carry a heavy burden for organizations and employees alike (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001).”
Burnout and depressive symptoms are not primarily linked to perceived organizational problems
Bianchi, R., Mayor, E., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, É. (2018) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2018.1476725 · Cited by 25
“Burnout symptoms were assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM; Shirom & Melamed, 2006; α = .96).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Translated Athlete Burnout Questionnaire: Evidence From Chinese Collegiate Athletes and Elite Athletes
Liu, H., Xiang, W., Wu, D.-H., Zou, Y.-D., Jiang, X.-B., Gao, Z.-Q., You, R.-H., Hu, J., & Liu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823400 · Cited by 19
“97, which raises an important question that whether the three symptoms could be grouped under a common factor (Shirom and Melamed, 2006; Gerber et al., 2018).”
Background
Holistic Assessment of Factors Associated with Exhaustion, the Main Symptom of Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Shoman, Y., Rousson, V., Bianchi, R., & Canu, I. G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013037 · Cited by 25
“, [4]) and constitutes the only consensual characteristic of burnout [5,6].”
Background
Type D personality and job burnout: The moderating role of physical activity
Armon, G. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.020 · Cited by 19
“Job burnout was assessed by the Shirom-Melamed burnout measure (SMBM), whose reliability and validity have been demonstrated in several studies (Melamed et al., 2006; Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
Method
A brief acceptance and commitment intervention for work‐related stress and burnout amongst frontline homelessness staff: A single case experimental design series
Reeve, A., Moghaddam, N. G., Tickle, A., & Young, D. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2555 · Cited by 19
Can managers be trained to further support their employees' basic needs and work engagement: A manager training program study
Jungert, T., Dubord, M. G., Högberg, M., & Forest, J. (2022) · International Journal of Training and Development · doi:10.1111/ijtd.12267 · Cited by 31
Burnout-depression overlap: A study of New Zealand schoolteachers
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., Mayor, E., & Laurent, É. (2016) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 19
Burnout
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0166 · Cited by 21
Ripple Effects of Surface Acting: A Diary Study among Dual-Earner Couples
Bakker, A. B., Sanz‐Vergel, A. I., Rodríguez‐Muñoz, A., & Antino, M. (2019) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2019.6 · Cited by 17
“Work-related exhaustion was assessed with three items from the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM, Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
Method
Burnout and Its Relationship with Work Engagement in Healthcare Professionals: A Latent Profile Analysis Approach
Sienra-Monge, J. J. L., Luna, D., Figuerola-Escoto, R. P., Hernández-Roque, A., Soria-Magaña, A., Hernández‐Corral, S., & Toledano‐Toledano, F. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11233042 · Cited by 29
Understanding the Relationship between Overtime and Burnout
Rabenu, E., & Aharoni-Goldenberg, S. (2017) · International Studies of Management and Organization · doi:10.1080/00208825.2017.1382269 · Cited by 18
“Shirom and Melamed (2006) added a physical dimension to burnout.”
Background
Flattening the Latent Growth Curve? Explaining Within-Person Changes in Employee Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Michel, J. S., Rotch, M. A., Carson, J. E., Bowling, N. A., & Shifrin, N. V. (2021) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-021-00087-4 · Cited by 19
“…at work and exhibits strong psychometrics (e.g., internal consistency, factor structure, measurement invariance, convergent and discriminant validity) across a variety of populations (e.g., Gerber et al., 2018; Lundgren-Nilsson et al., 2012; Schilling et al., 2019; Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
BackgroundMethod
Transpersonal practices as prevention intervention for burnout among HIV/AIDS coordinator teachers
Johnson, S. M., & Naidoo, A. V. (2013) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246312474406 · Cited by 18
“Shirom and Melamed (2006) point out, however, that this study compared the CBI with the MBI but did so as a single profession (dentists), focusing on basic psychometric properties of the two scales rather than on the comparative construct validity of their scores.”
Result
The Association of Burnout and Vital Exhaustion With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Strikwerda, M., Beulens, J. W. J., Remmelzwaal, S., Schoonmade, L. J., van Straten, A., Schram, M. T., Elders, P. J. M., & Rutters, F. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000995 · Cited by 17
“It can be measured by several surveys and questionnaires (6,7) and has been redefined in 1996 as emotional exhaustion, increased mental distance or cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy.”
Background
Thinking to Promote Happiness: Need for Cognition, Subjective Well-Being, and Burnout in Different Populations
Grass, J., Dörendahl, J., Losereit, T., Greiff, S., & Strobel, A. (2023) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104383 · Cited by 13
Psychometric validity of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure and the Burnout Assessment Tool: a systematic review
Shoman, Y., Hostettler, R., & Canu, I. G. (2023) · Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology · doi:10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3769 · Cited by 17
“Its structural validity is also inadequate, since the papers consider only two of the three dimensions: physical fatigue and cognitive weariness (43).”
Background
Recovery from work by playing video games
Koçak, Ö. E., Gorgievski, M. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2023) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12519 · Cited by 27
Stressful demands or helpful guidance? The role of display rules in Indian call centers
Little, L. M., Nelson, D. L., Quade, M. J., & Ward, A. J. (2011) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.017 · Cited by 17
Biological research on burnout-depression overlap: Long-standing limitations and on-going reflections
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, É. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.019 · Cited by 21
“, 2015a), a definition according to which burnout combines physical fatigue, cognitive weariness, and emotional exhaustion (Shirom and Melamed, 2006).”
Background
Increased insulin secretion and decreased glucose concentrations, but not allostatic load, are associated with stress-related exhaustion in a clinical patient population
Sjörs, A., Jansson, P.-A., Eriksson, J. W., & Jónsdóttir, I. H. (2012) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2012.688082 · Cited by 17
“Generally, burnout is defined as a consequence of high work-related stress exposure with exhaustion as a core component (Shirom and Melamed 2006).”
Background
Workload, control, and social support effects on serum lipids: A longitudinal study among apparently healthy employed adults.
Shirom, A., Melamed, S., Rogowski, O., Shapira, I., & Berliner, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015283 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Clinical benefits of rational-emotive stress management therapy for job burnout and dysfunctional distress of special education teachers
Onuigbo, L. N., Onyishi, C. N., & Eseadi, C. (2020) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i12.2438 · Cited by 16
A multi-sample examination of the relationship between athlete burnout and sport performance
Olsson, L. F., Glandorf, H. L., Black, J. F., Jeggo, R. E. K., Stanford, J. R., Drew, K. L., & Madigan, D. J. (2024) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102747 · Cited by 16
A Comparison of Frequency- and Agreement-Based Response Formats in the Measurement of Burnout and Engagement
Tong, J. S., Bickmeier, R. M., & Rogelberg, S. G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17020543 · Cited by 16
“We chose the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM [25]) to measure job burnout in Sample 2.”
Method
Facing a blind alley - Experiences of stress-related exhaustion: a qualitative study
Alsén, S., Ali, L., Ekman, I., & Fors, A. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038230 · Cited by 16
Psychometric Properties of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory in a Portuguese Sample of Aircraft Maintenance Technicians
Reis, C., Tecedeiro, M., Pellegrino, P., Paiva, T., & Marôco, J. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725099 · Cited by 16
Burnout and Cognitive Functioning: Are We Underestimating the Role of Visuospatial Functions?
Koutsimani, P., & Montgomery, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.775606 · Cited by 16
“In the studies that were identified in this review, Koutsimani et al. (26) and Morgan et al. (24) assessed each job burnout subscale by administering the General Survey version of the MBI (MBI-GS) (37), Jonsdottir et al. (13) used the total job burnout score on the SMBQ; Österberg et al. (25) included patients who wer…”
Method
Perceived recovery and stress states as predictors of depressive, burnout, and insomnia symptoms among adolescent elite athletes
Gerber, M., Lang, C., Brand, S., Gygax, B., Ludyga, S., Müller, C., Ramseyer, S., & Jakowski, S. (2022) · Sports Psychiatry · doi:10.1024/2674-0052/a000017 · Cited by 21
The role of stress mindsets and coping in improving the personal growth, engagement, and health of small business owners
Paustian‐Underdahl, S. C., Palmer, J. C., Halliday, C. S., & Blass, F. R. (2022) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2650 · Cited by 18
Managerial leadership behaviors: A longitudinal investigation of the role of job demands and resources, and implications for managers' own well‐being
Tóth‐Király, I., Katz‐Zeitlin, E., Houle, S. A., Fernet, C., & Morin, A. J. S. (2023) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12468 · Cited by 24
Complementary variable- and person-centered approaches to the dimensionality of burnout among fire station workers
Sandrin, É., Morin, A. J. S., Fernet, C., & Gillet, N. (2021) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1959917 · Cited by 21
“This global representation is supported by the high correlations reported among ratings of the three burnout components (Maslach et al., 2001), and by the presence of stronger associations with covariates when burnout is defined as a global dimension (Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
Method
The Importance of Effective Organizational Socialization for Preventing Stress, Strain, and Early Career Burnout: An Intensive Longitudinal Study of New Professionals
Frögéli, E., Annell, S., Rudman, A., Inzunza, M., & Gustavsson, P. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127356 · Cited by 26
“Burnout was measured using the Shirom Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM [17]).”
Method
Acerca de la validez del constructo, predictores y consecuencias del Burnout en el lugar de trabajo
Shirom, A. (2009) · Ciencia & trabajo · Cited by 16
Self-citation
La construction du sujet souffrant au travail au travers des instruments scientifiques de mesure
Allard‐Poesi, F., & Hollet-Haudebert, S. (2013) · GRH · doi:10.3917/grh.124.0045 · Cited by 23
“Nous avons fait le choix de ne pas présenter les résultats des analyses menées 4 sur un certain 3 Dans le cadre de l’Observatoire Médical du Stress de l’Anxiété et de la Dépression –OMSAD-de Renault pour HAD et dans le programme Santé Mentale Observatoire Travail Rhône-Alpes Centre, dit Samotrace, de l’Institut de Vei…”
Self-Reported Health Status Predicting Resilience and Burnout in Longitudinal Study
Šolcová, I., Kebza, V., Kodl, M., & Kernová, V. (2017) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a4840 · Cited by 14
Self-Efficacy, Psychological Flexibility, and Basic Needs Satisfaction Make a Difference: Recently Graduated Psychologists at Increased or Decreased Risk for Future Health Issues
Schéle, I., Olby, M., Wallin, H., & Holmquist, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569605 · Cited by 15
Job burnout among Israeli healthcare workers during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic: The role of emotion regulation strategies and psychological distress
Khouri, M., Lassri, D., & Cohen, N. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265659 · Cited by 16
“The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM; [31]).”
Background
Relationship Between Effort-Reward Imbalance, Over-Commitment and Occupational Burnout in the General Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Shoman, Y., Ranjbar, S., Strippoli, M. F., von Känel, R., Preisig, M., & Canu, I. G. (2023) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1606160 · Cited by 16
Occupational Burnout Among Employees in Some Service Occupations in Nigeria: Are Health Workers Different?
Ogungbamila, B. (2013) · Psychological Thought · doi:10.5964/psyct.v6i1.47 · Cited by 17
“Most studies on occupational burnout were conducted among employees in service occupations, including health, in Europe, (e.g. Escribà-Agüir, Martín-Baena, & Pérez-Hoyos, 2006), America (e.g. Schaufeli, Taris, & van Rhenen, 2008), and the Middle East (e.g. Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
Background
Prevención de burnout y fatiga por compasión: evaluaciónde una intervención grupal
Marín-Tejeda, M. (2018) · Journal of Behavior Health & Social Issues · doi:10.1016/j.jbhsi.2018.01.008 · Cited by 15
Make it your Break! Benefits of Person-Break Fit for Post-Break Affect
Venz, L., Bosch, C., Pinck, A. S., & Sonnentag, S. (2019) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-019-00036-2 · Cited by 15
Interpersonal Conflicts in the Unit Impact the Service Quality Rated by Customers: The Mediating Role of Work-Unit Well-Being
Benitez, M., León-Pérez, J., Orgambídez, A., & Medina, F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158137 · Cited by 11
“However, lack of efficacy has been criticized as reflecting a personality characteristic rather than a genuine burnout component [50].”
Background
On the Value of Considering Specific Facets of Interactional Justice Perceptions
Fouquereau, E., Morin, A. J. S., Huyghebaert‐Zouaghi, T., Chevalier, S., Coillot, H., & Gillet, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00812 · Cited by 15
Análise fatorial do inventário de burnout de Maslach (MBI-HSS) em profissionais portugueses
Vicente, C., Oliveira, R. A., & Marôco, J. P. (2013) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 15
Cultural influences on burnout: a Swedish–American comparison
Barker, G. G., Volk, F. A., & Peters, C. (2021) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-06-2019-0085 · Cited by 14
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship Between Spirituality, Work Culture, and Burnout: The Need for an Extended Health and Disease Model
Listopad, I. W., Esch, T., & Michaelsen, M. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723884 · Cited by 20
“Although Burisch (2014) identified 129 different burnout symptoms, emotional exhaustion (EE) is still considered as a key aspect of burnout (Kristensen et al., 2005; Shirom and Melamed, 2006; Maslach and Leiter, 2008; Seidler et al., 2014).”
Background
The Greek Burnout Assessment Tool: Examining Its Adaptation and Validity
Androulakis, G., Georgiou, D. A., Lainidi, O., Montgomery, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20105827 · Cited by 14
“Various tools exist for measuring and assessing burnout, such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory [8], the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory [9], the Bergen Burnout Inventory [10], the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire [11], the Spanish Burnout Inventory [12], the Granada Burnout Questionnaire [13], the Burn Out-Neuratshen…”
Method
The multilevel well‐being paradox: Towards an integrative process theory of coping in teams
Nordbäck, E. S., Nurmi, N., Gibbs, J. L., Boyraz, M., & Logemann, M. (2024) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2782 · Cited by 21
Attitudes toward expanding nurses’ authority
Kerzman, H., Dijk, D. V., Eizenberg, L., Khaikin, R., Fridman, S., Siman‐Tov, M., & Goldberg, S. (2015) · Israel Journal of Health Policy Research · doi:10.1186/s13584-015-0005-z · Cited by 14
“Workload & Burnout were measured using the SMBM (Shirom–Melamed; Burnout Measure) [32].”
Method
The Effect of Surface Acting on Job Stress and Cognitive Weariness Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Role of Sense of Community
Sousan, A., Farmanesh, P., & Zargar, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.826156 · Cited by 14
Chinese English as Foreign Language Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Motivation as Predictors of Burnout
Mei-ling, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.899687 · Cited by 16
Hyperventilation and exhaustion syndrome
Ristiniemi, H., Perski, A., Lyskov, E., & Emtner, M. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12090 · Cited by 20
Towards a fine-grained analysis of the link between borderline personality pathology and job burnout: Investigating the association with work-family conflict
BRENNING, K. M., Clercq, B. J. D., Wille, B., & Vergauwe, J. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110030 · Cited by 17
Diagnosing problems, prescribing solutions, and advancing athlete burnout research
Madigan, D. J. (2021) · Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology eBooks · doi:10.51224/b1028 · Cited by 15
Baltic Journal of Psychology; Volume 20, Number 1&2
(2019) · BALTIC JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY · doi:10.22364/bjp.20.01-02 · Cited by 14
Academic burnout among accounting majors: the roles of self-compassion, test anxiety, and maladaptive perfectionism
Fisher, D. G., Hageman, A. M., & West, A. N. (2023) · Accounting Education · doi:10.1080/09639284.2023.2257672 · Cited by 18
“Shirom and Melamed (2006, p. 17) assert that reliance on the MBI has ‘ ignore[d] all other conceptual approaches to burnout .”
The Impact of Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Burnout Levels on Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience
Turunç, Ö., Çalışkan, A., Akkoç, İ., Köroğlu, Ö., Gürsel, G., Demirci, A., Hazır, K., & Özcanarslan, N. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14090782 · Cited by 13
“Several studies affirm that burnout levels significantly influence turnover intentions [41,42], defining burnout as a reaction to ongoing stress, encompassing emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, and cognitive impairment [43].”
Background
Toward validating the Italian version of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory": a preliminary study
Viotti, S., Gil-Monte, P. R., & Converso, D. (2015) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/s0080-623420150000500016 · Cited by 14
Examining the effect of affective commitment to the supervisor on nurses’ psychological health as a function of internal locus of control
Huyghebaert‐Zouaghi, T., Gillet, N., Becker, C., Kerhardy, S., & Fouquereau, E. (2017) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12466 · Cited by 13
“It is thus likely that internal nurses maximise the resources that come as a reciprocation for their attachment to their supervisor, consequently avoiding them to tap into their own resources until they are depleted (Shirom & Melamed 2006).”
Background
Neuroticism Trait and Mental Health Among Chinese Firefighters: The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and the Mediating Role of Burnout—A Path Analysis
Tao, Y., Ma, Z., Hou, W., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Li, C., & Shi, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.870772 · Cited by 13
“Organizational support is especially meaningful for researching burnout, which has long been recognized as a combination of work-related symptoms, including generalized fatigue and loss of motivation (21).”
Background
The Diagnosis of Burnout
Parker, G. B., & Tavella, G. (2022) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001492 · Cited by 13
A world of opportunity: A top-down influence of emotional intelligence-related contextual factors on employee engagement and exhaustion
Levitats, Z., Ivčević, Z., & Brackett, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980339 · Cited by 20
“While there are varying views on the theoretical compositions of burnout (e.g., Malach-Pines, 2005; Schaufeli and Taris, 2005; Shirom and Melamed, 2006), the construct is most often operationalized as exhaustion, which is viewed as its core element (Toppinen-Tanner et al.”
Background
What Drives Personnel Out of Public Organizations?
Gamassou, C. E. (2014) · Public Organization Review · doi:10.1007/s11115-014-0277-8 · Cited by 13
Mediators of change in online acceptance and commitment therapy for psychological symptoms of parents of children with chronic conditions: An investigation of change processes
Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, R. I., Lappalainen, P., & Hiltunen, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.010 · Cited by 23
Associations of job demands and patient safety event involvement on burnout among a multidisciplinary group of pediatric hematology/oncology clinicians
Dunn, T. J., Terao, M. A., Blazin, L., Spraker‐Perlman, H. L., Baker, J. N., Mandrell, B. N., Sellers, J., Crabtree, V. M., Hoffman, J. M., & Burlison, J. D. (2021) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.29214 · Cited by 19
Frontline hotel employees’ job crafting: Scale development
Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Li, F., Li, Y., & Meng, X. (2025) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104295 · Cited by 15
Comparing Depressive Symptoms, Emotional Exhaustion, and Sleep Disturbances in Self-Employed and Employed Workers: Application of Approximate Bayesian Measurement Invariance
Bergman, L. E., Bernhard‐Oettel, C., Bujacz, A., Leineweber, C., & Toivanen, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.598303 · Cited by 16
“We used the revised subscale for emotional exhaustion and fatigue from the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ) to assess emotional exhaustion (see Table 3; Shirom, 1989; Melamed et al., 1992; Shirom et al., 1997; Shirom and Melamed, 2006).”
BackgroundMethod
You are “insisting”, or you want to “withdraw”? Research on the negative effect of ethical leadership on leaders themselves
He, Q., Fu, J., Wu, W., & Pervaiz, S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03433-z · Cited by 16
“…dimension represents the core content of job burn-out (Maslach et al., 1981 ), and has potential effects on the physical and cognitive dimensions (Shirom et al., 2006 ); (2) the dominant ethical requirements, ethical individuals demonstrate higher character integrity and civic accomplishment…”
Background
Hiding in Plain Sight: Co-Enacting the Sustainable Worker Schema in a Consulting Firm
Heaphy, E. D., & Trefalt, Š. (2023) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2020.14201 · Cited by 12
When resilience is not enough: Theoretical development and validation of the antifragility at work scale
Bajaba, A. M., Bajaba, S. M., & Simmering, M. J. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112818 · Cited by 19
The difference between the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Japanese Burnout Scale (JBS)
Igawa, J., & Nakanishi, D. (2019) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.90.18230 · Cited by 12
“…exhaustion）の相関係数は .68─ .75と強い相関が認められた一方，脱人格化（Depersonalization）は .61─ .66，個人的達成感（Personal accomplishment）の低下については – .44─ – .59と中等度の相関に留まっていた。共通性回帰分析 SDSを外的な参照点とし，JBSと日本版MBI-HSS のそれぞれの因子同士の重複について検討した。加算方式で算出した SDS得点（α = .85）を従属変数，それぞれの尺度得点のペアを独立変数とした共通性回帰分析の結果を Table 6に示す…”
Elder abuse and neglect in nursing homes as a reciprocal process: the view from the perspective of care workers
Gil, A. P., & Capelas, M. L. (2021) · The Journal of Adult Protection · doi:10.1108/jap-06-2021-0021 · Cited by 15
Organizational commitment: in sickness and in health? The results of a qualitative study
Carrier-Vernhet, A., Commeiras, N., & Desmarais, C. (2014) · Revue de gestion des ressources humaines · doi:10.3917/grhu.094.0003 · Cited by 12
An industry case study of ‘stand-up’ and ‘sleepover’ night shifts in disability support: Residential support worker perspectives
Dorrian, J., Grant, C., & Banks, S. (2016) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.05.016 · Cited by 12
“It has been demonstrated to have good psychometric properties, and a superior fit for factor structure compared to the MBI (Melamed et al., 1999; Shirom and Melamed, 2006).”
Background
Inadequate preparedness for response to COVID-19 is associated with stress and burnout among healthcare workers in GhanaPreprint
Afulani, P. A., Gyamerah, A. O., Nutor, J. J., Laar, A. K., Aborigo, R., Malechi, H., Sterling, M., & Awoonor‐Williams, J. K. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.20177410 · Cited by 12
Uncovering the Relationship Between Buoyancy and Academic Achievement in Language Learning: The Multiple Mediating Roles of Burnout and Engagement
Cai, Y., & Liu, H. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15101304 · Cited by 14
“Following this conceptualization, exhaustion can be regarded as the core affective component of burnout (Shirom & Melamed, 2006; Maslach & Leiter, 2016) that hinders academic achievement.”
Physical work environment and burnout among primary care physicians in Israel: a cross-sectional study
Bentulila, Y., Lev-Shalem, L., Cohen, B., & Adler, L. (2024) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02310-x · Cited by 11
“The SMBM is a validated questionnaire to assess burnout [17, 18].”
Background
Supervisor resilience promotes employee well-being: The role of resource crossover
Brady, J. M., Hammer, L. B., & Westman, M. (2025) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2024.104076 · Cited by 13
Camouflage, Burnout-Exhaustion, and Depression in Autistic Adults
Benatov, J., Sarel-Mahlev, E., & Bar-Yehuda, S. (2025) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2024.0147 · Cited by 11
“22 Researchers have suggested different de ﬁ nitions of occupational burnout, leading to the development of various measures.”
Influential
The buffering role of resilience on burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers in Sri Lanka
Baminiwatta, A., Fernando, R., Gadambanathan, T., Jiyatha, F., Maryam, K. H., Premaratne, I., Kuruppuarachchi, L., Wickremasinghe, R., & Hapangama, A. (2025) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00345-4 · Cited by 19
Is Commitment to One’s Profession Always a Good Thing? Exploring the Moderating Role of Occupational Commitment in the Association Between Work Events and Occupational Health
Sawhney, G., Britt, T. W., Sinclair, R. R., Mohr, C. D., & Wilson, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Career Assessment · doi:10.1177/1069072720907907 · Cited by 12
“Participants reported the degree to which they were burned out using 9 items from the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
BackgroundMethod
Factors Contributing to Burnout and Well-Being in Physical Therapist Students
Smith, A. R., Ellison, J. B., Bogardus, J., & Gleeson, P. B. (2022) · Journal of Physical Therapy Education · doi:10.1097/jte.0000000000000238 · Cited by 13
Individual Workplace Well-Being Captured into a Literature- and Stakeholders-Based Causal Loop Diagram
Niks, I. M. W., Veldhuis, G. A., van Zwieten, M. H. J., Sluijs, T., Wiezer, N. M., & Wortelboer, H. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19158925 · Cited by 15
Your work passion travels a long way home: Testing a spillover and crossover model of work passion among dual-earner couples
Wan, M., Zhang, Y., & Shaffer, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103940 · Cited by 16
The Well-Being of Alcohol and Other Drug Counsellors in Australia: Strengths, Risks, and Implications
Best, D. W., Savic, M., & Daley, P. (2016) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347324.2016.1148514 · Cited by 11
“The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) was used to measure burnout (Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
Method
Development and preliminary validation of the Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS) in a French sample of mothers: bifactorial structure, reliability, and validity
Sánchez-Rodríguez, R., Callahan, S., & Séjourné, N. (2019) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00993-1 · Cited by 11

Authors: Shirom, A., & Melamed, S.
Affiliations: Tel Aviv University (IL)
Venue: International Journal of Stress Management
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-05
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 176-200
ISSN: 1072-5245 (ISSN-L)
1573-3424
DOI: 10.1037/1072-5245.13.2.176
OpenAlex: W2015306213
Cited by: 763
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 9.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: International Journal of Stress Management (publishedVersion)
Funders: Israel Science Foundation (962/02-1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: burnout, construct validity, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, factorial validity, scale invariance, human service workers, occupational stress, psychometric properties

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A comparison of the construct validity of two burnout measures in two groups of professionals.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks