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A comparison of the construct validity of two burnout measures in two groups of professionals.
Abstract
Arie ShiromTel Aviv UniversitySamuel MelamedTel Aviv University and National Institute of Occupational & EnvironmentalHealthThe authors studied certain aspects of the construct validity of the MaslachBurnout InventoryGeneral Survey (MBI-GS), the most popular measure ofburnout, and that of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM). Theseburnout measures were compared with respect to their psychometric char-acteristics and factorial validity in two groups of professionals, humanservice and other professionals (N 196 and 226, respectively), whocompleted questionnaires at work. As hypothesized, the con rmatory factoranalyses supported a two-factor and a three-factor structure invarianceacross the two groups considered for the SMBM and the MBI-GS, respec-tively, with superior t found for the SMBM.
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“The Teacher Burnout Scale (TBS), a 25-item scale adapted from the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire[24] and 26-item Profile of Emotional Distress (PED)[25], a self-report measure of functional and dysfunctional negative emotions were used for data collection.”
From Clinical benefits of rational-emotive stress management therapy for job burnout and dysfunctional distress of special education teachers (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“SMBQ’s psychometric characteristics and factorial validity have been supported [30, 33]”
From Psychological inflexibility explains distress in parents whose children have chronic conditions (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“The cut-off scores for burnout on the SMBQ are 2.75–3.74 indicating low burnout, 3,75–4,46 indicating high burnout and ≥ 4.47 indicating pathological level of burnout.”
From Psychological inflexibility explains distress in parents whose children have chronic conditions (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
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MethodAssociation of quality of nursing care with violence load, burnout, and listening climate
Tikva, S. S., Gabay, G., Shkoler, O., & Kagan, I. (2024) · Israel Journal of Health Policy Research · doi:10.1186/s13584-024-00601-3 · Cited by 6
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MethodFrom Passion to Burnout: The Role of Work–Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction in the Workplace
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“Shirom and Melamed (2006) describe burnout across three dimensions—physical fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and cognitive weariness— affecting energy, empathy, and mental agility.”
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“…bodů znamená velmi mírné a velmi řídké projevy, 43–56 bodů znamená mírné a řídké projevy vyhoření, 57–70 bodů znamená střední, občas přítomné projevy vyhoření, 71–84 bodů znamená závažné a časté projevy vyhoření a 85–98 bodů závažné a neustále přítomné projevy vyhoření (Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
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“In addition, nine participants did not take part in the laboratory measurements, but completed an interview, including a Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM; Shirom & Melamed, 2006) by telephone.”
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Halperin, D. (2019) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2019.1581023 · Cited by 4
“Previous studies reported internal consistency (α) of .79 and .93 (ShinanAltman & Cohen, 2009; Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
BackgroundHow Do We Know If Teachers Are Well? The Wellbeing Holistic Assessment for Teachers Tool
Soares, F., Cunha, N., & Frisoli, P. (2021) · Journal on Education in Emergencies · doi:10.33682/f059-7nxk · Cited by 4
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BackgroundInfluentialVedina, R., & Dolan, S. L. (2014) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2014.897159 · Cited by 4
“Burnout was measured by the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (Shirom & Melamed, 2006), and it includes three dimensions: physical fatigue (four items), emotional exhaustion (four items), and cognitive weariness (four items).”
MethodBurnout, employee engagement, and coping in high‐risk occupations
Falkoski, J. (2012) · Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture · doi:10.1002/jpoc.20085 · Cited by 4
West, D. (2018) · Digital Commons (Liberty University) · Cited by 4
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Fournier, A., & Laurent, A. (2020) · Médecine Intensive Réanimation · doi:10.37051/mir-00038 · Cited by 5
“Par la suite, plusieurs autres échelles ont été développées : le Burnout Measure [18], le Oldenburg Burnout Inventory [19], le Copenhagen Burnout Inventory [20], et la Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure [21].”
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MethodWhen fatigue symptoms are associated with … fatigue symptoms
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Research Progress on Job Burnout of nurses
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CORR Insights®: Among Musculoskeletal Surgeons, Job Dissatisfaction Is Associated With Burnout
Wuest, T. K. (2016) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-016-4899-8 · Cited by 2
“validated instruments [7, 11] regarding job satisfaction and burnout.”
Tziner, A. E., Fein, E. C., & Vasiliu, C. (2020) · International Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.5539/ijbm.v15n2p17 · Cited by 3
“Physical fatigue may also be added to these dimensions of burnout (Shirom and Melamed, 2006).”
BackgroundCansancio emocional en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de COVID-19: propiedades psicométricas
Universidad César Vallejo, P., Cabada, R. I. S., Celis, T. G. D., Universidad César Vallejo, P., Velásquez, E. Y. V., & Universidad César Vallejo, P. (2023) · Liberabit Revista Peruana de Psicología · doi:10.24265/liberabit.2023.v29n1.649 · Cited by 5
Development of Pandemic Burnout Inventory for Health Personnel
Phuspa, S. M., Dharmastuti, A., Sutomo, A. H., & Alim, S. (2023) · Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional · doi:10.21109/kesmas.v18i2.6692 · Cited by 1
Sousa, B., Correia‐Santos, P., Costa, P., & Maia, Â. (2023) · Psych · doi:10.3390/psych5030055 · Cited by 3
Učitelské vyhoření v perspektivě školních psychologů
PPP pro Prahu 10, P. 1., Bartoňová, A., Smetáčková, I., & Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, P. (2020) · E-psychologie · doi:10.29364/epsy.371 · Cited by 2
“…jako je např. emoční vyčerpanost, pocity beznaděje, negativistické chování; 2) fyzické, jako je např. rychlá unavitelnost, bolesti hlavy, svalů, poruchy spánku; 3) sociálních vztahů, jako je např. pokles empatie, nárůst konfliktů, apatie k druhým (Kebza & Šolcová, 2003; Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
Santos, T. R., Bicalho, C. C. F., Monteiro, A., Brandão, M. R. F., & Mansur‐Alves, M. (2020) · journal of physical education · doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v32i1.3212 · Cited by 2
Brand-Labuschagne, L. (2010) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 2
The well-being of employees in a South African agricultural research organisation
Asiwe, D. N. (2014) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 2
The Billable Hour and its Impact on Lawyer Subjective Wellbeing and Burnout
Pasyk, V. S. (2019) · doi:10.11575/prism/36953 · Cited by 2
An investigation into predictors of Maslach's three dimensions of burnout in mental health staff
Turnpenny, L. (2019) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · Cited by 2
Academic Burnout and Perfectionism in UK-based Physiotherapy StudentsPreprint
Biggs, D. P., McKay, J., & Shanmugam, S. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3320615/v1 · Cited by 4
How Leadership Can Influence Well-Being: The Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Social Support
Burnette, C. M. (2012) · TigerPrints (Clemson University) · Cited by 2
Analyse du burnout en entrepreneuriat : étude empirique sur les dirigeants de PME
Tahar, Y. B. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9139499cz406cz4814z804ez41bbf6080e3c · Cited by 2
Martín, M. F. (2014) · Buleria (Universidad de León) · doi:10.18002/10612/3508 · Cited by 2
Daza, V. C. A., García, F. E., Pinto, B., Illanes, R., Roth, E., & Taboada, R. (2020) · Psychologia · doi:10.21500/19002386.4712 · Cited by 1
Theoretical Analysis of the Phenomenon of Professional Burnout (Based on Modern Foreign Studies)
Veterok, E. V. (2023) · SMALTA · doi:10.15293/2312-1580.2301.01 · Cited by 1
“Melamed [19] считают, что взаимосвязь характеристик работы и профессионального выгорания зависит не только от индивидуальных различий или микроорганизационных условий, но и от макроэкономических факторов.”
Ivánkovits, L., Kazinczi, C., Kocsis, K., Stankovic, M., Koday, Z., Pető, Z., & Töreki, A. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01518-x · Cited by 2
“The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure aims to describe the level of physical fatigue and cognitive weariness using 6–6 items with a 7-point frequency scale [28].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Relationship between Emotional Burnout and the Quality of Life of Psychiatrists
Zrazhevskaya, I. A., Bykov, K. V., Topka, E. O., Isaev, R. N., & Orlov, A. M. (2024) · Psikhiatriya · doi:10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-47-57 · Cited by 1
Risk of Burnout and Its Management Among Special Education Professionals
Kara, İ. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-0583-6.ch008 · Cited by 1
Acute and Chronic Stress Effects on the Immune System Stress-Related Disorders
Ivanovska, M., Tashev, R., & Murdjeva, M. (2024) · Integrated science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73061-0_10 · Cited by 1
Diamant, I., & Hakhmigari, M. K. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1565639 · Cited by 2
“The mean score across all items was calculated (Shirom and Melamed, 2006).”
Giroux, A., Meunier, S., & Leduc, H. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08044-y · Cited by 1
“Burnout was assessed using The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (Shirom & Melamed, 2006).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Shirom, A., & Melamed, S.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Venue
- International Journal of Stress Management
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 176-200
- ISSN
- 1072-5245 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3424
- OpenAlex
- W2015306213
- Cited by
- 763
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 9.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Stress Management (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation (962/02-1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- burnout, construct validity, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, factorial validity, scale invariance, human service workers, occupational stress, psychometric properties
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