The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The social construction of race: biracial identity and vulnerability to stereotypes
Abstract
Multiracial individuals are more likely to have a heightened awareness of race as a social construct than monoracial individuals. This article examines the impact that a heightened awareness of race as a social construct has on the relationship between racial stereotypes and performance. Study 1 finds that multiracial individuals reported subscribing less to the notion that race biologically determines ability. Study 2 finds that monoracial individuals show stereotype activation, whereas multiracial individuals show stereotype inhibition in reaction to race salience. Study 3 draws on the work on stereotypes and performance to test the susceptibility of multiracial individuals to racial stereotypes about ability. The authors find that Asian/White and Black/White multiracial individuals were less susceptible to racial stereotypes than monoracial individuals. Whereas monoracial participants showed significant performance changes in reaction to race salience, multiracial individuals did not. Study 4 finds that emphasizing the social construction of race buffers individuals from stereotype threat effects.
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“race is now understood to largely be a social rather than a biologic construct [2–5].”
From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationStereotype performance boosts: The impact of self-relevance and the manner of stereotype activation.
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Self-citationBeyond Black: Biracial Identity in America
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Multiracial Identity Integration: Perceptions of Conflict and Distance among Multiracial Individuals
Cheng, C., & Lee, F. (2009) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.01587.x · Cited by 186
Charmaraman, L., Woo, M., Quach, A., & Erkut, S. (2014) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035437 · Cited by 171
Shih, M. J., & Sanchez, D. T. (2009) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.01584.x · Cited by 137
Self-citationResearch on biracial and multiracial identity development: Overview and synthesis
Renn, K. A. (2008) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.282 · Cited by 136
Gaither, S. E. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414558115 · Cited by 135
Metadata
- Authors
- Shih, M., Bonam, C., Sanchez, D., & Peck, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 125-133
- ISSN
- 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0106
- 1099-9809
- OpenAlex
- W2082992731
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 30.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- John Templeton Foundation
- Ford Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Cultural Identity and Representation
- Keywords
- social construction of race, mixed-race identity, racial stereotypes, stereotype threat, stereotype activation, race salience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Identity Crisis, Male, Social Identification, Stereotyping, United States, Cultural Diversity, Racial Groups
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