Cited by 173Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCultural Identity and Representation

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The social construction of race: biracial identity and vulnerability to stereotypes

Shih, Margaret, Bonam, Courtney, Sanchez, Diana, Peck, Courtney·2007·Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Abstract

Multiracial individuals are more likely to have a heightened awareness of race as a social construct than monoracial individuals. This article examines the impact that a heightened awareness of race as a social construct has on the relationship between racial stereotypes and performance. Study 1 finds that multiracial individuals reported subscribing less to the notion that race biologically determines ability. Study 2 finds that monoracial individuals show stereotype activation, whereas multiracial individuals show stereotype inhibition in reaction to race salience. Study 3 draws on the work on stereotypes and performance to test the susceptibility of multiracial individuals to racial stereotypes about ability. The authors find that Asian/White and Black/White multiracial individuals were less susceptible to racial stereotypes than monoracial individuals. Whereas monoracial participants showed significant performance changes in reaction to race salience, multiracial individuals did not. Study 4 finds that emphasizing the social construction of race buffers individuals from stereotype threat effects.

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Authors: Shih, M., Bonam, C., Sanchez, D., & Peck, C.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Stanford University (US)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Shih, Margaret
Bonam, Courtney
Sanchez, Diana
Venue: Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007-04
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 125-133
ISSN: 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
1939-0106
1099-9809
DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.13.2.125
OpenAlex: W2082992731
Cited by: 171
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 30.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: John Templeton Foundation
Ford Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Cultural Identity and Representation
Keywords: social construction of race, mixed-race identity, racial stereotypes, stereotype threat, stereotype activation, race salience
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Identity Crisis, Male, Social Identification, Stereotyping, United States, Cultural Diversity, Racial Groups

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The social construction of race: biracial identity and vulnerability to stereotypes

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