Maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms among Asian American college students: Contributions of interdependence and parental relations.
Abstract
Maladaptive perfectionism among Asian Americans may represent a shared social construction socialized within an interdependent cultural script. The authors hypothesized that interdependence concerns and parental relations may explain elevated maladaptive perfectionism and associated depressive symptoms in a sample of 140 Asian American college students. Survey findings revealed that interdependence, maladaptive perfectionism, and parent-driven perfectionism were associated with depressive symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that interdependence moderated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms such that highly interdependent Asian American students appeared more vulnerable to depression when demonstrating perfectionistic tendencies. Parental support buffered subjects from distress associated with parent-driven perfectionism. Processes of heightened cultural vulnerability and sensitization to maladaptive perfectionism are discussed.
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Yoon and Lau's (2008) findings supported the cultural sensitisation model.
“Yoon and Lau's (2008) findings supported the second model, as will be discussed in the next section.”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
A focus on interpersonal responsibility may cause interdependent individuals to be motivated by fear of disappointing others.
“They reasoned that a focus on interpersonal responsibility may cause interdependent individuals to be motivated by fear of disappointing others.”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
Cultural values placed on a sense of filial obligation in Asian American families increased the risk for maladaptive perfectionism and was associated with negative academic and mental health outcomes.
“Cultural values placed on a sense of filial obligation in Asian American families increased the risk for maladaptive perfectionism and was associated with negative academic and mental health outcomes.”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
Individuals high in interdependence correlated with maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptomatology scores, supporting the cultural sensitisation model.
“Despite interdependence being a cultural value among Asian Americans, findings revealed that individuals who were high in interdependence correlated with maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptomatology scores, supporting the cultural sensitisation model.”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
Interdependence was associated with measures of parent-driving perfectionism but was not associated with adaptive perfectionism.
“Interdependence was also associated with measures of parent-driving perfectionism (the sum of Parental Expectation and Criticism FMPS scores) but was not associated with adaptive perfectionism.”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
Within an interdependent context, individuals may feel the need to protect one's own self-image or the image of the group they belong to, or in other words, to 'save face'.
“Within this interdependent context, individuals may feel the need to protect one's own selfimage or the image of the group they belong to (Yoon & Lau, 2008), or in other words, to 'save face' (Ho, 1976; Kim & Nam, 1998; Yu & Wen, 2003; Zhang et al., 2011).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
This supports previous research noting that Asian American college students were less likely to mobilise social support to cope with stress due to concerns about being criticised, saving face, and not burdening others.
“While this sheds light on Asian international student experiences in particular, it also supports previous research noting that Asian American college students were less likely to mobilise social support to cope with stress due to concerns about being criticised, saving face , and not burdening others (Taylor, Sherman, Kim, Jarcho, Takagi, & Dunagan, 2004; Yoon & Lau, 2008).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
This indicates a value accorded to interpersonal obligations, expectations, and responsibilities, which past researchers have examined as interdependence, a characteristic of collectivism.
“Most participants reported a pressure to meet expectations mostly from their parents, indicating a value accorded to interpersonal obligations, expectations, and responsibilities, which past researchers have examined as interdependence, a characteristic of collectivism (Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Yoon & Lau, 2008).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
This suggests previous research on Asian American college students that self-reported social anxiety and depressive symptoms stemmed from interdependent concerns.
“Again, this suggests previous research on Asian American college students that self-reported social anxiety and depressive symptoms stemmed from interdependent concerns (Okazaki, 1997; Yoon & Lau, 2008).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
Previous research found associations between perceptions of high parental expectations and criticism with depression among Asian American college students.
“This supports previous research that found associations between perceptions of high parental expectations and criticism with depression among Asian American college students (Yoon & Lau, 2008).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
Past research has found a tendency for Asian communities to be interdependent, a dimension of collectivism, which means defining the self based on interpersonal relationships and obligations within one's community.
“Past research has found a tendency for Asian communities to be interdependent, a dimension of collectivism, which means defining the self based on interpersonal relationships and obligations within one's community (Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Yoon & Lau, 2008).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
Among youth who have grown up in Asia who then attend college in the US, the context of heightened academic concerns such as duty to parents and saving face may provide a greater susceptibility to maladaptive perfectionism and associated psychological distress.
“Among youth who have grown up in Asia who then attend college in the US, the context of heightened academic concerns such as duty to parents (Yoon & Lau, 2008) and saving face may provide a greater susceptibility to maladaptive perfectionism and associated psychological distress.”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
These tendencies create a susceptibility among Asian youth to developing anxiety and depressive symptoms.
“all of which create a susceptibility among Asian youth to developing anxiety and depressive symptoms (Yoon & Lau, 2008).”
From Maladaptive Perfectionism, Disguised Distress, and Help Seeking in the Culture of 'Saving Face': Links to Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Asian Youth (2019) · cites this paper as Yoon & Lau, 2008
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Attempt to validate the Self-Construal Scale in French: Systematic approach and model limitation
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The General Surgery Residency Experience
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Pastoral Care for Shame-Based Perfectionism
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Religiosidade e Bem-Estar Psicológico de Acadêmicos de Psicologia
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Contextualizing Asian American College Student Psychological Health
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Assessing and Treating Asian Americans
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Relationship Between Child Perfectionism and Psychological Disorders
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Perfectionist? You Don’t Need to Sleep: An interplay of Daytime Sleepiness and Task Performance
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From Model Minority to “Angry Asian Man”
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REFRAMING STUDENTS’ NEGATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF FAILURE: AN ACTION RESEARCH
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Maladaptive Perfectionism in Asian International Students
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An Evaluation of the Perfectionistic Social Disconnect Model among Ethnic Minority Youth
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- Authors
- Yoon, J., & Lau, A. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Lau, Anna S.
- Venue
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 92-101
- ISSN
- 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0106
- 1099-9809
- OpenAlex
- W2013168450
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 6.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- UCLA
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01 MH066864)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- maladaptive perfectionism, depressive symptoms, Asian American college students, interdependence, parental relationships, parental support, cultural vulnerability, cultural sensitivity, moderation
- MeSH terms
- Acculturation, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Asian, Defense Mechanisms, Dependency, Psychological, Depression, Female, Humans, Individuation, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Social Support, Social Values, Socialization, Students
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