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Cited by 440Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety StudiesObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

A Dual Process Model of Perfectionism Based on Reinforcement Theory

Slade, Peter D., Owens, R. Glynn·1998·Behavior Modification
DOI 10.1177/01454455980223010
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Abstract

This article begins with a brief review of the current literature on the structure and measurement of perfectionism. It is concluded from this review that two major types can be distinguished, a normal/healthy form and a pathological form. These two forms are then defined as positive and negative perfectionism and related directly to Skinnerian concepts of positive and negative reinforcement. The positive/negative distinction is then further elaborated on in terms of approach/avoidance behavior, goal differences, self-concept involvement, emotional correlates, and the promoting environment. Finally, some of the more obvious theoretical and practical implications are briefly explored.

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Crossref · 10.1177/01454455980223010

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • According to the dual process model of perfectionism, individuals with high levels of perfectionistic strivings are driven by the pursuit of success, whereas individuals with high levels of perfectionistic concerns are motivated by a fear of failure.

    “according to this 'dual process model' of perfectionism (Slade & Owens, 1998), individuals with high levels of perfectionistic strivings are driven by the pursuit of success, whereas individuals with high levels of perfectionistic concerns are motivated by a fear of failure.”

    From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Slade & Owens, 1998

  • Perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings have been differentially associated with approach and avoidance behavior.

    “perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings have been differentially associated with approach and avoidance behavior.”

    From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Slade & Owens, 1998

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Authors
Slade, P. D., & Owens, R. G.
Affiliations
  • Boğaziçi University (TR)
  • University of Auckland (NZ)
Venue
Behavior Modification
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1998-07
Volume
22
Issue
3
Pages
372-390
ISSN
  • 0145-4455 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-4167
DOI
10.1177/01454455980223010
OpenAlex
W2094583828
Cited by
440
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
FWCI
3.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Behavior Modification (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
perfectionism, dual-process models, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, approach-avoidance behavior, goal difference, self-concept, emotional correlates
MeSH terms
Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Narcissism, Neurotic Disorders, Personality, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Reinforcement, Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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