Measurement of Men's Help Seeking: Development and Evaluation of the Barriers to Help Seeking Scale.
Abstract
This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Barriers to Help Seeking Scale (BHSS). The measure was designed to assess reasons men identify for not seeking professional help for mental and physical health problems. Exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 537 undergraduate men revealed a 5-factor solution of internally consistent subscales, including Need for Control and Self-Reliance, Mini-mizing Problem and Resignation, Concrete Barriers and Distrust of Caregivers, Pri-vacy, and Emotional Control. A separate study of 58 undergraduate men confirmed the reliability of the scale and provided evidence of convergent and criterion validity between the BHSS and measures of masculine gender-role conflict and attitudes toward seeking professional help. Research has documented that men seek help less often than women for a variety of problems in living, including cocaine use, alcohol use, psychiatric illness, and physical problems
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The need for independence and control was emphasised by participants and in other studies.
“The need for independence and control , too, was emphasised by these participants, as it was in other studies”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mansfield et al., 2005
Lack of credibility and trust were identified as important factors.
“Lack of credibility and trust were also identified as important factors”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mansfield et al., 2005
Mansfield, Addis, and Courtenay (2005) found that symptom minimising was a valid six-item factor.
“Mansfield, Addis, and Courtenay (2005) also gave importance to this barrier of symptom minimising, and found in their barrier scale that this was a valid six-item factor”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mansfield, Addis, and Courtenay (2005)
The need for control was found to be a barrier for help-seeking in one reviewed paper (Mansfield et al., 2005).
“The need for control was found to be a barrier for help-seeking in one of the reviewed papers (Mansfield et al., 2005)”
From A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men (2015) · cites this paper as Mansfield et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Mansfield, A. K., Addis, M. E., & Courtenay, W.
- ORCID
- Addis, Michael E.
- Venue
- Psychology of Men & Masculinity
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 95-108
- ISSN
- 1524-9220 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-151X
- OpenAlex
- W2147799227
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 14.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Men & Masculinity (publishedVersion)
- Clark Digital Commons (Clark University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- help-seeking, men, mental health, physical health, scale development, psychometric assessment, need for control, self-reliance, resignation, privacy, emotional control
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