“No one would ever believe me”: An exploration of the impact of intimate partner violence victimization on men.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of men’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) in a non-help-seeking sample. Utilising an anonymous online survey to encourage disclosure, men were asked how their experiences had impacted on them, what barriers they had experienced to leaving the relationship, and what their perceptions were of societal attitudes about men and IPV. Findings indicated that men’s experiences impacted on their physical and mental health, the development of future relationships, and their relationships with their children. They described the impact of attitudes towards male victims of IPV as being significant and felt society did not believe men who described these experiences, often perceiving them as “weak” or in fact “abusers”. These contributed towards the barriers men experience to both help-seeking and to leaving the relationship. The findings are discussed in relation to current UK policy and practice, including reference to IPV being treated as a gendered crime under a “Violence against Women and Girls” strategy (Ministry of Justice, 2018).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Researchers have previously argued that psychological violence targeting men might be different from psychological violence targeting women.
“Moreover, researchers have previously argued that psychological violence targeting men might be different from psychological violence targeting women [97, 98], and McHugh and colleagues [24] have argued that most validated measured used to screen for psychological violence have been developed based on female experiences with this type of abuse.”
From The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analyses (2022) · cites this paper as [97]
Under-reporting affects IPV prevalence rates, as many men who have experienced IPV are unaware their experiences meet the definition of abuse.
“Under-reporting also affects these rates, as many men who have experienced IPV are unaware their experiences meet the definition of abuse (Bates, 2020a, 2020b; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Bates, 2020a
Men may fail to report IPV due to self and societal stigma, retaliation concerns, and fear of not being believed.
“They may fail to report due to self and societal stigma, retaliation concerns, and fear of not being believed (Walker et al., 2020; Bates, 2020a; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Bates, 2020a
Lack of disclosure in men can be driven by the fear that their experiences would be minimised/ignored/not believed, or they themselves would be accused of perpetrating abuse.
“Lack of disclosure in men can be driven by the fear that their experiences would be minimised/ignored/not believed, or they themselves would be accused of perpetrating abuse (Walker et al., 2020; Bates, 2020a; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Bates, 2020a
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · see citing works
The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data
STRAUS, M. A., HAMBY, S. L., BONEY-McCOY, S., & SUGARMAN, D. B. (1996) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/019251396017003001 · Cited by 6,923 · see citing works
Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: a meta-analytic review
Archer, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.651 · Cited by 2,507 · see citing works
Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women
Coker, A. L., Davis, K. E., Arias, I., Desai, S., Sanderson, M., Brandt, H. M., & Smith, P. H. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00514-7 · Cited by 2,258 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Aggression in Real-World Settings: A Meta-Analytic Review
Archer, J. (2004) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.8.4.291 · Cited by 1,916 · see citing works
(1979) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1,905 · see citing works
Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence
Coker, A. L. (2000) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.9.5.451 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2009) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020902724271 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
O’Brien, R., Hunt, K., & Hart, G. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.008 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
The role of emotional abuse in physically abusive relationships
Follingstad, D. R., Rutledge, L. L., Berg, B. J., Hause, E. S., & Polek, D. S. (1990) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf00978514 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Help-seeking behaviour in men and women with common mental health problems: cross-sectional study
Oliver, M. I., Pearson, N., Coe, N., & Gunnell, D. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.297 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Vogel, D. L., Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R., Hammer, J. H., & Hubbard, A. (2011) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023688 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J., Misra, T. A., Selwyn, C. N., & Rohling, M. L. (2012) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.199 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
The Abusive Behavior Inventory
Shepard, M. F., & Campbell, J. A. (1992) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626092007003001 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Barriers to Domestic Violence Help Seeking: Implications for Intervention
Fugate, M., Landis, L., Riordan, K., Naureckas, S., & Engel, B. (2005) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801204271959 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Coping with domestic violence: Social support and psychological health among battered women
Mitchell, R. E., & Hodson, C. A. (1983) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00896600 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Runtz, M., & Schallow, J. R. (1997) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(96)00147-0 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Mental Disorders in Battered Women: An Empirical Study
Gleason, W. J. (1993) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.8.1.53 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Coker, A. L., Watkins, K. W., Smith, P. H., & Brandt, H. M. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00122-1 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Characteristics of Callers to the Domestic Abuse Helpline for Men
Hines, D. A., Brown, J., & Dunning, E. (2007) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-006-9052-0 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Berger, J. M., Levant, R. F., McMillan, K. K., Kelleher, W. J., & Sellers, A. (2005) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.6.1.73 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Measurement of Men's Help Seeking: Development and Evaluation of the Barriers to Help Seeking Scale.
Mansfield, A. K., Addis, M. E., & Courtenay, W. (2005) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.6.2.95 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Male Victims of Domestic Violence
Drijber, B. C., Reijnders, U. J. L., & Ceelen, M. (2013) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-012-9482-9 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Sorenson, S. B., & Taylor, C. A. (2005) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00170.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Attributions about spouse abuse: It matters who the batterers and victims are
Harris, R. J., & Cook, C. A. (1994) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf01420802 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Gender-Role Stereotypes and Perceptions of Heterosexual, Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence
Seelau, S. M., & Seelau, E. P. (2005) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-005-7798-4 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“Why Doesn't She Just Leave?”: A Descriptive Study of Victim Reported Impediments to Her Safety
Anderson, M. A., Gillig, P. M., Sitaker, M., McCloskey, K., Malloy, K., & Grigsby, N. (2003) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1023/a:1023564404773 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS IN WOMEN'S RESPONSES TO BATTERING
Rose, L. E. (2000) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/073993300245384 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
A Closer Look at Men Who Sustain Intimate Terrorism by Women
Hines, D. A., & Douglas, E. M. (2010) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/1946-6560.1.3.286 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Meyer, S. (2015) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/1362480615585399 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
The Long-Term Effects of Parental Alienation on Adult Children: A Qualitative Research Study
Baker, A. J. L. (2005) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926180590962129 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Women's Use of Intimate Partner Violence against Men: Prevalence, Implications, and Consequences
Hines, D. A., & Douglas, E. M. (2009) · Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926770903103099 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Perceptions of Domestic Violence
Yamawaki, N., Shipp, M., Pulsipher, C., Harlos, A., & Swindler, S. (2012) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260512441253 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Someone to blame: When identifying a victim decreases helping
Kogut, T. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.02.011 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The Impact of Partner Psychological Abuse on Health Behaviors and Health Status in College Women
Straight, E. S., Harper, F. W. K., & Arias, I. (2003) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260503254512 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Testing predictions from the male control theory of men's partner violence
Bates, E. A., Graham‐Kevan, N., & Archer, J. E. (2013) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21499 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological abuse of women: Six distinct clusters
Marshall, L. L. (1996) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf02333424 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Intimate partner violence against women and victim-blaming attitudes among Europeans
Gracia, E. (2014) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.13.131391 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Gender and role‐based perceptions of domestic abuse: does sexual orientation matter?
Seelau, E. P., Seelau, S. M., & Poorman, P. B. (2003) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.524 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Wife abuse, husband abuse, or mutual combat?: A feminist perspective on the empirical findings.
Saunders, D. G. (1988) · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Hines, D. A., & Douglas, E. M. (2011) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0022983 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Help-seeking and needs of male victims of intimate partner violence in Portugal.
Machado, A., Hines, D., & Matos, M. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000013 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Police Officer Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence: An Analysis of Observational Data
DeJong, C., Burgess‐Proctor, A., & Elis, L. (2008) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.6.683 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Male Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse: Use and Helpfulness of Services
Tsui, V. (2014) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swu007 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Scarduzio, J. A., Carlyle, K. E., Harris, K. L., & Savage, M. W. (2016) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801216636240 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Taylor, C. A., & Sorenson, S. B. (2005) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-005-7143-7 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Hines, D. A., & Straus, M. A. (2007) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20196 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
When a man hits a woman: moral evaluations and reporting violence to the police
Felson, R. B., & Feld, S. L. (2009) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20323 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Police officers’ judgements of blame in family violence: The impact of gender and alcohol
Stewart, A., & Maddren, K. (1997) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf02936347 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The Barriers Model: An integrated strategy for intervention with battered women.
Grigsby, N., & Hartman, B. R. (1997) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0087721 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
McCarrick, J., Davis-McCabe, C., & Hirst-Winthrop, S. (2016) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-015-9749-z · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Donovan, C., & Hester, M. (2010) · Social Policy and Society · doi:10.1017/s1474746409990406 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
"Passive victim – strong survivor"? Perceived meaning of labels applied to women who were raped
Papendick, M., & Bohner, G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177550 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Chabot, H. F., Tracy, T. L., Manning, C. A., & Poisson, C. A. (2009) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260509331514 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Stadelmann, S., Perren, S., Groeben, M., & von Klitzing, K. (2010) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01310.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Gender stereotypes and power: Perceptions of the roles in violent marriages
Gerber, G. L. (1991) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00289333 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Nybergh, L., Enander, V., & Krantz, G. (2015) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-015-9785-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Gaslighting: A marital syndrome
Gass, G. Z., & Nichols, W. C. (1988) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf00922429 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The program effect of batterer programs in three cities.
Gondolf, E. W., & Jones, A. S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Tilbrook, E., Allan, A., & Dear, G. E. (2007) · Edith Cowan University Research Online (Edith Cowan University) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Family therapy of the moderate type of parental alienation syndrome
Gardner, R. A. (1999) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/019261899261925 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Entilli, L., & Cipolletta, S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13500 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Guérin, B., & Ortolan, M. D. O. (2017) · Behavior and Social Issues · doi:10.5210/bsi.v26i0.6804 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
(2016) · UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
From victim to survivor: A woman's narrative reconstruction of marital sexual abuse
Riessman, C. K. (1989) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377318909517356 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
”I Know What It Means But It's Not How I Feel”
Anderson, L., & Gold, K. (1994) · Women & Therapy · doi:10.1300/j015v15n02_02 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Intimate partner violence : new perspectives in research and practice
Schokkenbroek, J. M. (2021) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Contexts for Women’s Aggression Against Men
Bates, E. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_901-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What About the Men? A Critical Review of Men’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence
Scott-Storey, K. A., O’Donnell, S., Ford‐Gilboe, M., Varcoe, C., Wathen, C. N., Malcolm, J., & Vincent, C. D. (2022) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211043827 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Dokkedahl, S. B., Kirubakaran, R., Bech-Hansen, D., Kristensen, T. R., & Elklit, A. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-02025-z · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Moreover, researchers have previously argued that psychological violence targeting men might be different from psychological violence targeting women [97, 98], and McHugh and colleagues [24] have argued that most validated measured used to screen for psychological violence have been developed based on female experienc…”
BackgroundWalker, A., Lyall, K., Silva, D., Craigie, G., Mayshak, R., Costa, B., Hyder, S., & Bentley, A. (2020) · Psychology of Men & Masculinities · doi:10.1037/men0000222 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Barriers to Men’s Help Seeking for Intimate Partner Violence
Taylor, J. C., Bates, E. A., Colosi, A., & Creer, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211035870 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationHine, B. A., Bates, E. A., & Wallace, S. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520944551 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationWalking on egg shells: A qualitative examination of men’s experiences of intimate partner violence
Bates, E. A. (2020) · Psychology of Men & Masculinities · doi:10.1037/men0000203 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationHine, B. A., Noku, L., Bates, E. A., & Jayes, K. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520917508 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationMental health solutions for domestic violence victims amid COVID-19: a review of the literature
Su, Z., McDonnell, D., Roth, S. C., Li, Q., Šegalo, S., Shi, F., & Wagers, S. M. (2021) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-021-00710-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The SAGE Handbook of Domestic Violence
Shackelford, T. K. (2021) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781529742343 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Hine, B. A., Wallace, S., & Bates, E. A. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211028014 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationHogan, K., Clarke, V., & Ward, T. J. (2021) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12409 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Services for Domestic Violence Victims in the United Kingdom and United States: Where Are We Today?
Bates, E. A., & Douglas, E. M. (2020) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2020-0019 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationBates, E. A., & Hine, B. A. (2023) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2022-0021 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMcLeod, D. A., Ozturk, B., Butler-King, R. L., & Peek, H. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231177318 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Khurana, B., Hines, D. A., Johnson, B. A., Bates, E. A., Graham‐Kevan, N., & Loder, R. T. (2021) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.22007 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, E. Y. Y., Nelson, L. E., Pereira, T. L., & Shorey, S. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231209435 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bates, E. A., & Weare, S. (2020) · Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1043986220936115 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationSimilar But Different: Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Women and Men
Roebuck, B. S., McGlinchey, D., Lysova, A. V., Hastie, K., & Taylor, M. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00497-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hogan, K., Clarke, V., & Ward, T. J. (2022) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2022.2061881 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Suggestions to improve outcomes for male victims of domestic abuse: a review of the literature
Moore, T. (2021) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-021-00263-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pisano, G., Widanaralalage, B. K., & Willmott, D. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1108/jcp-04-2024-0033 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hine, B. A., & Bates, E. A. (2023) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2022-0058 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationChapola, J., & Datta, R. K. (2023) · Springer texts in education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04394-9_30 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Waila, J. M., Lule, H., Wilson, M. L., Bärnighausen, T., & Abio, A. (2022) · Journal of Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-022-00683-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Black Men’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Help-Seeking, and Barriers to Help-Seeking
Stewart, M. A., & Haselschwerdt, M. L. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231159632 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kim, R., Yoon, J., Kim, J., Lee, H., Park, J., & Kim, S. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221080137 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hine, B. A., Bates, E. A., Mackay, J., & Graham‐Kevan, N. (2022) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2021-0009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationPublic Understanding of Coercive Control in Northern Ireland
Lagdon, S., Jordan, J.-A., Devine, P., Tully, M. A., Armour, C., & Shannon, C. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-021-00355-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Taylor, P., O’Donnell, S., Wuest, J., Scott-Storey, K. A., Vincent, C. D., & Malcom, J. R. (2021) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/23333936211021576 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Macassa, G., Stål, F., Rydback, M., Pliakas, J., Winsjansen, D., Hiswåls, A.-S., & Soares, J. J. F. (2025) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc15010017 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Machado, A., & Farinha, D. (2023) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2023.101876 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Violence Against Men and Its Effects Within the Workplace: A Literature Review
Garro, M., Bonfanti, R. C., Argento, A., & Ruggieri, S. A. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13120636 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
de Magalhães, J. R. F., Pereira, Á., Gomes, N. P., da Silva, A. F., Estrela, F. M., Oliveira, M. A. D. S., & da Cruz, M. A. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0238 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Aborisade, R. A. (2023) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2023.2194252 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bates, E. A., & Taylor, J. C. (2021) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-d-20-0004 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation(Un)Acknowledgment of Men as Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Machado, A., Santos, A., & de Matos, M. A. V. (2023) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2022-0022 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Public perception of bidirectional intimate partner violence
Ahmed, S., Helmus, L. M., & Lysova, A. V. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102149 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Discourses Around Male IPV Related Systemic Biases on Reddit
Sivagurunathan, M., Walton, D. M., Packham, T., Booth, R. G., & MacDermid, J. C. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211030015 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Carthy, N., Best, D., & Divers, A. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231173431 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Simon, R. B., Possick, C., & Wilchek‐Aviad, Y. (2024) · Studies in Clinical Social Work Transforming Practice Education and Research · doi:10.1080/28376811.2024.2328010 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Isangha, S. O. (2024) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2024.2366306 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stewart, M. A., & Haselschwerdt, M. L. (2025) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12619 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
PettyJohn, M. E., Baumler, E. R., Backes, B. L., Brashear, B., Temple, J. R., & Wood, L. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00657-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Karystianis, G., Kita, S., Lerigo, F., Sheridan, L. P., & Butler, T. G. (2024) · Crime Science · doi:10.1186/s40163-024-00228-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Helmus, L. M., & Peikarnegar, M. (2021) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2020-0006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kwon, M., & You, S. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106233 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Becoming a non‐resident father: Marginalised through distress, disadvantage and disempowerment
Violi, D., Lewis, P., Kwok, C., & Wilson, N. J. (2023) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1002/hpja.810 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Intimate Partner Violence Lethality Risk Screening Administration and Outcomes
Portnoy, G., Coppola, E. C., Iverson, K. M., Dichter, M. E., Campbell, J., Bruce, L. E., Brandt, C. A., & Relyea, M. R. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.45519 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Female Offenders and Popular Discourse: Examining the Evidence
Douglass, M. D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-45685-5_3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jaspal, R., & Lopes, B. (2025) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2025.2524402 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Waila, J. M., Mitiro, D. O., Wilson, M. L., Horstick, O., & Musyimi, C. W. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241299451 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Trafford, L., & Le, B. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2025.1694399 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Role of Identity and Gender Beliefs in Self-Identification of Abuse for Male Victims of IPV
Vail, S. L., Spencer, C. M., Moore, M. M., & Keilholtz, B. M. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241270037 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Intersectional racial and gender bias in family court
Williams, M. T., Faber, S. C., Zare, M., Barker, T., & Abdulrehman, R. Y. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00282-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Pan, X., Ying, H., & Yu, T. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241301788 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hine, B. A., Roy, E. M., Huang, C., & Bates, E. A. (2025) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci14010031 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationKomlenac, N., Siller, H. U., & Hochleitner, M. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09436-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bates, E. A., & Taylor, J. C. (2021) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-d-20-00004 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMale Victims of Domestic Violence
Machado, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_1077-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hosain, M. S. (2025) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807251333756 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lippert, A., Baker, D., Hawk, G. S., Gongora, N., & Golding, J. M. (2024) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012241263104 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Association of Childhood Trauma with Migraines in Men
Cuthrell, K. M. (2022) · Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Studies & Reports · doi:10.47363/jpmrs/2022(4)157 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Campo-Tena, L., Larmour, S. R., Ribeaud, D., & Eisner, M. (2023) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316231193363 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cavanaugh, C. E., Rucci, S., & Vasquez-Home, O. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115456 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hombres víctimas de violencia de pareja: una revisión sistemática
Ruiz, E. Y. G., Varas, G. J. V., & Cabada, R. I. S. (2023) · PSIQUEMAG/ Revista Científica Digital de Psicología · doi:10.18050/psiquemag.v12i1.2342 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bates, E. A., Taylor, J. C., Hope, K. A., & Smith, J. L. (2024) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2023-0025 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationParamasivan, K., Sujitha, A., & Haridas, A. (2025) · Journal of Applied Security Research · doi:10.1080/19361610.2025.2453309 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Isangha, S. O., Tam, H.-L., Chuang, S. S., Akintunde, T. Y., Choi, A. W., Cudjoe, E., & Umar, R. D. (2025) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/10443894251322846 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Public Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Story Completion Task
Sheehan, K., Watson, L., & McKnight, C. (2025) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-025-00906-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Post-Separation Experience of Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in Southern Nigeria
Isangha, S. O., Tam, H.-L., Chuang, S. S., Akintunde, T. Y., Choi, A. W., Cudjoe, E., & Umar, R. D. (2025) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2025.2521074 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Posey, B. M., Timmer, A., Iesue, L. T., & Jawaid, A. (2025) · International Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/10575677251359609 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Heteronormativity as a barrier to support service access for LGBTQ+ survivors
Quinlan, A. R. (2025) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/02697580251398857 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Arrigo, J., Rowland, E., Fitzpatrick, S., & McCormack, L. (2026) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.70094 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ike, T. J., Jidong, D. E., Carthy, N., Nwanzu, C. L., Gair, L., Obi, C. K., Ishioro, B. O., Ike, M. L., Ayobi, E. E., Ike, P. R., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1695675 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Russo, L. N., Mezzapelle, J. L., Hines, D. A., Douglas, E. M., Lee, K. A., & Sabina, C. (2026) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2026.2650131 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Caixinha, R., Cunha, O. S., Brazão, N., Hine, B. A., Bates, E. A., Luz, F., Pinto, F., Jongenelen, I., Gamito, P. S., & Machado, A. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605261455509 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationCummings, C. T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88476-5_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Men’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Their Experiences With a Crisis Center in Denmark
Lassen, B., Nielsen, N. H., Winther, M., & Bates, E. A. (2022) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2022-0032 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationÖzcan, Ş., & Özdemır, J. (2022) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2021-0042 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intimate partner violence against Chinese men: A qualitative study.
Wang, Y., & Pan, X. (2024) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000500 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Gay Men’s Personal and Working Lives
Mayshak, R., Harries, T., Watson, C., Curtis, A., & Walker, A. (2024) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2024.2431264 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Burton, S., & Workman, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5085-6_97 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Torres-Rivera, V., Aranda-Hughes, V., & Zavala, E. (2025) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2025.2485127 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bogat, G. A., Levendosky, A. A., & Cochran, K. A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00108-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Women’s Psychological Abuse of Male Intimate Partners: Consequences for Males
Waugh, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_1800-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Spikol, E., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16061007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Lack of disclosure in men can be driven by the fear that their experiences would be minimised/ignored/not believed, or they themselves would be accused of perpetrating abuse (Walker et al., 2020; Bates, 2020a; Taylor et al., 2022).”
InfluentialWomen's Use of Non-Lethal Violence against Men
Bates, E. A., & Poynton, M. (2021) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781529742343.n14
Self-citationAn Introduction to Men’s Issues and Men’s Mental Health
Whitley, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86320-3_1
Russell, B., & McKimmie, B. M. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780197564028.003.0007
What We Currently Know about the Prevalence, Causes, and Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence
Bates, E. A., & Papamichail, A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780197564028.003.0002
Self-citationBurke, A. N., Fouché, C., & O’Brien, M. A. (2023) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2022-0009
Ben‐Porat, A., Dekel, R., & Gilbar, O. (2023) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2023.2200906
Brown, J., Shell, Y., & Cole, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28616-2_12
Yap, K. S., & Ng, J. H. (2023) · Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) · doi:10.47405/mjssh.v8i8.2480
Characteristics of Men Who Seek Help From an Irish Domestic Abuse Helpline: The MENCALLHELP Study
Corbally, M., Hine, B. A., & Kestell, B. (2023) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/pa-2023-0017
Gender and the Nature of Intimate Partner Violence
Joseph, R. M., Brown, J., & Bongar, B. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_658-1
- Authors
- Bates, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Cumbria (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bates, Elizabeth A.
- ORCID
- Bates, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Psychology of Men & Masculinities
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 497-507
- ISSN
- 1524-9220 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-151X
- OpenAlex
- W2922493186
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 11.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Men & Masculinity (publishedVersion)
- Insight (University of Cumbria) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, male victims of intimate partner violence, help-seeking barriers, leaving abusive relationships, gendered crime, father-child relationship
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
