The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Facial dynamics as indicators of trustworthiness and cooperative behavior.
Abstract
Detecting cooperative partners in situations that have financial stakes is crucial to successful social exchange. The authors tested whether humans are sensitive to subtle facial dynamics of counterparts when deciding whether to trust and cooperate. Participants played a 2-person trust game before which the facial dynamics of the other player were manipulated using brief (<6 s) but highly realistic facial animations. Results showed that facial dynamics significantly influenced participants' (a) choice of with whom to play the game and (b) decisions to cooperate. It was also found that inferences about the other player's trustworthiness mediated these effects of facial dynamics on cooperative behavior.
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“Authentic smiles engender stronger inferences of trustworthiness and cooperativeness than fake smiles”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Krumhuber et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“People also tend to feel less trust toward, and cooperate less with, interaction partners who exhibit inauthentic rather than authentic smiles (Krumhuber et al. 2007).”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Krumhuber et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“For instance, across contexts and emotions, authentic emotional expressions tend to have more adaptive social consequences than inauthentic emotional expressions, because inauthentic expressions undermine observers' trust (Côté et al. 2013, Krumhuber et al. 2007).”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Krumhuber et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“Facial gestures and physical traits also influence impressions [40], as do characteristics of the trustor [41], comments posted by friends, and personality traits of the trustee [42,43], which were not examined here.”
From Effects of Mock Facebook Workday Comments on Public Perception of Professional Credibility: A Field Study in Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
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“Prior studies have, nevertheless, demonstrated that trustworthiness judgments are related to measures of behavioural approach or avoidance (Centorrino et al., 2015; Krumhuber et al., 2007).”
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“Moreover, nonverbal cues through facial dynamics can significantly influence a negotiator’s decision as to with whom to engage in a cooperative exchange, and the decision to cooperate oneself (Krumhuber et al., 2007).”
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“Most personalization studies are based on showing pictures of the interaction partners; only a few studies investigate trust and trustworthiness under conditions of face-to-face interactions or with dynamic partner representation (videos or dynamic avatars; Krumhuber et al., 2007; Centorrino et al., 2015; Tognetti et…”
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The Roles of Privacy and Trust in Children's Evaluations and Explanations of Digital Tracking
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“…of emotions with their personality traits or competence while interacting, which consequently impacts their satisfaction with the interaction in the collaboration, as well as whether to continue collaborating (Krumhuber et al., 2007; Van Kleef et al., 2010; Cheng et al., 2013; Fang et al., 2018).”
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“…happiness is related to perceived trustworthiness, both for emotional faces with explicit signs of happiness as stimuli (Centorrino et al., 2015; Krumhuber et al., 2007; Oosterhof & Todorov, 2009; Quadflieg et al., 2013), and also when faces with neutral expressions are presented and…”
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“Facial gestures and physical traits also influence impressions [40], as do characteristics of the trustor [41], comments posted by friends, and personality traits of the trustee [42,43], which were not examined here.”
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“For example, research on "thin-slice" interactions shows that structural facial features, such as roundness, and emotional features, such as a smile, increase trust (Krumhuber et al., 2007; van’t Wout & Sanfey, 2008; Willis & Todorov, 2006).”
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“Conversely, non-Duchenne smiles are more variable in their social communicative meaning; they can be used to communicate non-cooperative intent and untrustworthiness (Krumhuber et al., 2007).”
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BackgroundSignals of Emotion Regulation in a Social Dilemma: Detection from Face and Context
Hoegen, R., Gratch, J. S., Parkinson, B., & Shore, D. M. (2019) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and workshops · doi:10.1109/acii.2019.8925478 · Cited by 20
“For example, previous research shows that timing information is important in expression evaluation [35], and there might be a difference in onset of specific expressions, especially when they are regulated.”
BackgroundCañadas, E., Lupiáñez, J., Kawakami, K., Niedenthal, P. M., & Rodríguez‐Bailón, R. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1052781 · Cited by 16
“…with them, and individuals’ ability to correctly identify and differentiate between these expressions (Ambadar et al., 2009; Hess & Kleck, 1994; Krumhuber et al., 2007;Maringer et al., 2011; Miles & Johnston, 2007), we expected participants to automatically categorise facial stimuli on the…”
BackgroundSelective gaze direction and interpretation of facial expressions in social anxiety
Gutiérrez-García, A., Fernández-Martín, A., Líbano, M. D., & Calvo, M. G. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.034 · Cited by 16
Is trustworthiness lateralized in the face? Evidence from a trust game
Carragher, D. J., Thomas, N. A., & Nicholls, M. E. R. (2017) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/1357650x.2017.1298120 · Cited by 18
“Judgements of trustworthiness incorporate stable facial attributes such as attractiveness and dominance (Oosterhof & Todorov, 2008), and also transient emotional expressions such as smiling (Krumhuber et al., 2007), suggesting that trustworthiness judgements represent a general valence approximation of the face, and a…”
BackgroundInfluentialTorre, I., Carrigan, E., McCabe, K., McDonnell, R., & Harte, N. (2018) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/3242969.3242984 · Cited by 15
“were trusted more in a trust game [22].”
BackgroundBeyond actions: Reparatory effects of regret in intergroup trust games
Rychlowska, M., van der Schalk, J., Gratch, J. S., Breitinger, E., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.01.006 · Cited by 15
Self-citationSocial context and culture influence judgments of non-Duchenne smiles
Namba, S., Rychlowska, M., Orlowska, A., Aviezer, H., & Krumhuber, E. G. (2020) · Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science · doi:10.1007/s41809-020-00066-1 · Cited by 15
Self-citationSchertler, M., Glumann, N. V., & Boehm, S. A. (2023) · Academy of Management Discoveries · doi:10.5465/amd.2022.0133 · Cited by 16
Effect of Avatar Facial Expressiveness on Team Collaboration in Virtual Reality
Tarnec, H. L., Bevacqua, E., Augereau, O., & Loor, P. D. (2023) · International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents · doi:10.1145/3570945.3607330 · Cited by 16
“In all the experiments mentioned above [7, 19, 22], the tasks performed were oriented to encourage face-to-face interaction without object manipulation.”
BackgroundMethodBehavioural mediation of prosodic cues to implicit judgements of trustworthiness
Torre, I., White, L., & Goslin, J. (2016) · Speech prosody · doi:10.21437/speechprosody.2016-167 · Cited by 14
“Experiments using trust games have been carried out to investigate trust attributions to a range of characteristics, including gender [22, 23], race, emotion and reputation [24, 25] and facial expressions [26].”
Dirty looks: Politicians’ appearance and unethical behaviour
Rockey, J. C., Smith, H. M. J., & Flowe, H. D. (2021) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101561 · Cited by 13
The Effect of Audio-Visual Smiles on Social Influence in a Cooperative Human–Agent Interaction Task
Torre, I., Carrigan, E., Domijan, K., McDonnell, R., & Harte, N. (2021) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3469232 · Cited by 14
“For example, Elkins and Derrick [42] found that people rated smiling embodied conversational agents as more trustworthy than non-smiling ones; smiling also led to trusting avatars and robots more [62, 76].”
BackgroundSacco, D. F., & Hugenberg, K. (2011) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9256-3 · Cited by 14
Facial and Vocal Cues in Perceptions of Trustworthiness
Tsankova, E. T., Aubrey, A. J., Krumhuber, E. G., Möllering, G., Kappas, A., Marshall, D., & Rosin, P. L. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37484-5_26 · Cited by 14
“We already knew from [10] that trustworthiness information is conveyed via facial dynamics.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Role of Informal Controls and a Bargaining Opponent's Emotions on Transfer Pricing Judgments
Bhattacharjee, S., & Moreno, K. K. (2016) · Contemporary Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/1911-3846.12230 · Cited by 14
Social anxiety and detection of facial untrustworthiness: Spatio-temporal oculomotor profiles
Gutiérrez-García, A., Calvo, M. G., & Eysenck, M. W. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.031 · Cited by 14
Rychlowska, M., Manstead, A. S. R., & van der Schalk, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32968-6_13 · Cited by 19
Self-citationRecalibrational Emotions and the Regulation of Trust-Based BehaviorsPreprint
Schniter, E., & Shields, T. W. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2268648 · Cited by 13
Zhang, S., Friedman, E., Zhang, X., Srinivasan, K., & Dhar, R. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3692623 · Cited by 14
The Emotional Dilemma: Influence of a Human-like Robot on Trust and Cooperation
Becker, D., Rueda, D., Beese, F., Torres, B. S. G., Lafdili, M., Ahrens, K., Fu, D., Strahl, E., Weber, T., & Wermter, S. (2023) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309321 · Cited by 15
“Additionally, research has shown that humans are sensitive to emotional display and facial expressions when evaluating a person’s cooperativeness [50].”
BackgroundCan deepfakes be used to study emotion perception? A comparison of dynamic face stimuli
Becker, C., Conduit, R., Chouinard, P. A., & Laycock, R. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02443-y · Cited by 17
“…of expression features have shown that compared to naturalistic facial motion, people perceive linear and synchronous emotion transitions as less natural (Cosker et al., 2010; Curio et al., 2006), trustworthy (Krumhuber et al., 2007), typical, intense, and genuine (Wallraven et al., 2008).”
BackgroundThe brain computes dynamic facial movements for emotion categorization using a third pathway
Yan, Y., Zhan, J., Garrod, O., Chen, C., Ince, R. A. A., Jack, R. E., & Schyns, P. G. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2423560122 · Cited by 13
“Finally, our approach can be extended to other social categorization tasks, including valence, arousal ( 16 ), trustworthiness ( 89 ), social dominance ( 90 ), attractiveness ( 11 ), emotion intensity ( 91 ), and more.”
Perception of “Live” Facial Expressions
Barabanschikov, V. A., & Korolkova, O. A. (2020) · Experimental Psychology (Russia) · doi:10.17759/exppsy.2020130305 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Krumhuber, E., Manstead, A. S. R., Cosker, D., Marshall, D., Rosin, P. L., & Kappas, A.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Constructor University (DE)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 730-735
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W1997851048
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Keywords
- facial dynamics, trustworthiness, cooperation, trust game, facial expressions, social exchange, facial animation, interpersonal perception, trust decisions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cooperative Behavior, Decision Making, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Trust
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