The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Facial dynamics as indicators of trustworthiness and cooperative behavior.
Abstract
Detecting cooperative partners in situations that have financial stakes is crucial to successful social exchange. The authors tested whether humans are sensitive to subtle facial dynamics of counterparts when deciding whether to trust and cooperate. Participants played a 2-person trust game before which the facial dynamics of the other player were manipulated using brief (<6 s) but highly realistic facial animations. Results showed that facial dynamics significantly influenced participants' (a) choice of with whom to play the game and (b) decisions to cooperate. It was also found that inferences about the other player's trustworthiness mediated these effects of facial dynamics on cooperative behavior.
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In the citing paper
“Authentic smiles engender stronger inferences of trustworthiness and cooperativeness than fake smiles”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Krumhuber et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“People also tend to feel less trust toward, and cooperate less with, interaction partners who exhibit inauthentic rather than authentic smiles (Krumhuber et al. 2007).”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Krumhuber et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“For instance, across contexts and emotions, authentic emotional expressions tend to have more adaptive social consequences than inauthentic emotional expressions, because inauthentic expressions undermine observers' trust (Côté et al. 2013, Krumhuber et al. 2007).”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Krumhuber et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“Facial gestures and physical traits also influence impressions [40], as do characteristics of the trustor [41], comments posted by friends, and personality traits of the trustee [42,43], which were not examined here.”
From Effects of Mock Facebook Workday Comments on Public Perception of Professional Credibility: A Field Study in Canada (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
Citations
Cites
First Impressions: Making Up Your Mind After a 100-Ms Exposure to a Face
Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01750.x · Cited by 2,300
Kintsch, W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,051
Social Functions of Emotions at Four Levels of Analysis
Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (1999) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999399379168 · Cited by 1,743
Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes
Todorov, A., Mandisodza, A. N., Goren, A., & Hall, C. C. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110589 · Cited by 1,508
(1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-02458-9 · Cited by 1,463
The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology: II.
Ekman, P., Davidson, R. J., & Friesen, W. V. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.342 · Cited by 1,371
Felt, false, and miserable smiles
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1982) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf00987191 · Cited by 1,074
Automatic and intentional brain responses during evaluation of trustworthiness of faces
Winston, J. S., Strange, B. A., O'Doherty, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn816 · Cited by 993
Deciphering the Enigmatic Face
Ambadar, Z., Schooler, J. W., & Cohn, J. F. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01548.x · Cited by 678
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & O'Sullivan, M. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.414 · Cited by 649
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–407 of 407
Sincere But Suspect: Perceptions of Bisexual Women’s Authentic Expression in the Dating Context
Baron, L., & Deska, J. C. (2026) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-026-03483-5
“The connection between evaluations of authenticity, trust-worthiness, and likability is not reserved to bisexual people (Krumhuber et al., 2007; Rivera et al., 2025).”
Minetaki, K., Bunno, T., & Ting, I. (2026) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-34189-1_16
A Systematic Review of 128 Spontaneous and Dynamic Facial Expression Databases
Bian, Y., Kim, H., & Krumhuber, E. G. (2026) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/17540739261478876
Self-citationHagedorn, J., Klinger, R., & Sassenberg, K. (2026) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2026-4-1
“The expression of positive discrete emotions has been shown to lead to favorable interpersonal impressions, such as competence and trustworthiness (Harker & Keltner, 2001; Krumhuber et al., 2007).”
Mattheiss, S. R., & Diessner, R. (2026) · Integratus · doi:10.1521/intg.2026.4.3.216
Physiological synchrony predicts reduced reciprocity only in face-to-face interactions
Diana, F., Folz, J., Sjak-Shie, E., Hortensius, R., & Kret, M. E. (2026) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.3224
Smiling in influencer marketing: how smiles shape authenticity and consumer engagement
Weismueller, J., Gruner, R. L., & Harrigan, P. (2026) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-04-2025-0282
Metadata
- Authors
- Krumhuber, E., Manstead, A. S. R., Cosker, D., Marshall, D., Rosin, P. L., & Kappas, A.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Constructor University (DE)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 730-735
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W1997851048
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Keywords
- facial dynamics, trustworthiness, cooperation, trust game, facial expressions, social exchange, facial animation, interpersonal perception, trust decisions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cooperative Behavior, Decision Making, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Trust
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