The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 9 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Efficacy of an Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Evaluation in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic anxiety disorder, associated with comorbidity and impairment in quality of life, for which improved psychosocial treatments are needed. GAD is also associated with reactivity to and avoidance of internal experiences. The current study examined the efficacy of an acceptance-based behavioral therapy aimed at increasing acceptance of internal experiences and encouraging action in valued domains for GAD. Clients were randomly assigned to immediate (n = 15) or delayed (n = 16) treatment. Acceptance-based behavior therapy led to statistically significant reductions in clinician-rated and self-reported GAD symptoms that were maintained at 3- and 9-month follow-up assessments; significant reductions in depressive symptoms were also observed. At posttreatment assessment 78% of treated participants no longer met criteria for GAD and 77% achieved high end-state functioning; these proportions stayed constant or increased over time. As predicted, treatment was associated with decreases in experiential avoidance and increases in mindfulness. © 2008 American Psychological Association.
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35 Own method · 16 Own result · 6 Own interpretation · 4 Sources not found · 4 No full text of the sources
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the effect size of time on DASS-stress was medium, suggesting a modest increase in these symptoms over time.11”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Maintenance of Treatment Response
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while worry scores continued to decrease modestly during follow up.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Maintenance of Treatment Response
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At post-treatment/waiting list, 76.92% of those treated compared with 16.67 % of those on the wait-list no longer met criteria for GAD (χ2 = 9.08, p <.01).”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Controlled Trial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with significant condition by time interactions for clinician rated GAD severity, PSWQ, and DASS-Stress, and the BDI.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Controlled Trial
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The controlled effect sizes for condition by time interactions for primary and secondary outcomes were medium to large”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Controlled Trial
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using conservative ITT analyses in this small sample, treatment had a significant (large) effect on GAD-specific outcomes as well as depressive symptoms.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant deterioration was observed from post through nine month follow-up.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Marginally significant effects (of medium size) were revealed on self-reported anxious arousal symptoms, quality of life, and clinician-rated additional diagnoses.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant condition by time interactions of large effect also emerged for the AAQ and the MAAS, measures of potential mechanisms of change.10”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Controlled Trial
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The condition by time interaction for DASS-Anxiety, the QOLI, and number of additional diagnoses approached, but did not reach, significance.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Controlled Trial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 22
- Probably not a substantial claim. 30
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Multi-level regression analyses of change revealed significant decreases in GAD severity, PWSQ, DASS-Stress, DASS-Anxiety, BDI, number of additional diagnosis, and AAQ scores, and significant increases in MAAS and QOLI scores, from pre- to post-treatment (all ps <.001).”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Maintenance of Treatment Response
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Growth curve analyses (reported in Table 5) indicated that treatment gains were maintained for all outcomes (i.e., nonsignificant coefficients of time)”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Maintenance of Treatment Response
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Initial support was found for the proposed mechanisms of change in ABBT as the treatment had a significant effect on both experiential avoidance and mindfulness.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and 75% of treated participants vs. 8.3 % of those in the wait-list condition met criteria for high end-state functioning, (χ2 = 10.97, p <.01).”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Controlled Trial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seventy-seven percent of the treated sample met criteria for high end-state functioning and responder status at post-assessment and these proportions were stable through 3- and 9-month follow-up.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At post-treatment/waiting list, 75% of participants in the treatment condition and 8.3 % of the wait-list condition met criteria for responder status, (χ2 = 10.97, p <.01)”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Controlled Trial
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“α in this sample was .88.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining 31 clients were randomly assigned to the treatment or waiting list condition in a randomized blocked fashion by the PI. Condition assignment was done using a coin flip; subsequent clients who matched an enrolled client in gender, racial minority status, and GAD severity (moderate versus severe) were assigned to the opposite condition to ensure balance across conditions in this small”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the current study, the anxiety and stress sub-scales were used as indicators of anxiety, αs = .79 and .87 respectively.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the time period of this study at CARD, reliability for GAD diagnoses were k = .56, and for CSR ratings of GAD, k=.77.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thirty-one clients consented to participation and were randomized to treatment (n = 15) or waiting list control (n = 16).”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All assessments were administered by doctoral students at the Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders (CARD) who had undergone extensive training and demonstrated reliability in diagnoses4.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The α in this sample was .84.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a 16-item measure of trait levels of excessive worry (α = .795 in the current sample)”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Engaging in the worry process reduces autonomic reactivity and distracts worriers from more distressing topics (Borkovec, Alcaine, & Behar, 2004).”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Borkovec, Alcaine, & Behar, 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The ADIS-IV has a reliability for principal GAD diagnoses of k = .67, and for CSR ratings of GAD of k = .72, in a study conducted at CARD (Brown, DiNardo, Lehmann, & Campbell, 2001).”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brown, DiNardo, Lehmann, & Campbell, 2001 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two sessions from each client were randomly selected and rated for adherence by graduate students with extensive exposure to ABBT.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Therapists and Treatment Integrity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following treatment or waiting list, clients were assessed by a CARD assessor uninformed of condition”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Diagnoses were confirmed in consensus meetings with a doctoral level psychologist (Dr. T.A. Brown) and by therapists in their initial meetings.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“an abbreviated version of the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI; Frisch, Cornwell, Villanueva, & Retzlaff, 1992), a measure of life satisfaction with an α of .836 in the current sample”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I-A; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), α =.87 in the current sample”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the staff member and potential participant were blind to condition until the informed consent process was complete.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two participants withdrew from therapy and four from the waiting list.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Participants
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most of the CARD assessors were uninvolved with the study, but three therapists were also CARD assessors (not for their own clients) and could have been biased by a loyalty to the study.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of these participants, four missed 3-month and six missed 9-month follow-up assessment.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Overall Analytic plan
plainn = 4- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, we did not assess reliability of post and follow-up assessments and reliability of GAD diagnosis.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, the absence of competency ratings raises the possibility that treatment effects are underestimated due to poor competency in delivery of the intervention.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, self-report measures only are missing for one client at post, one at 3-month and two at 9-month follow-up.9”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Overall Analytic plan
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, adherence ratings done by graduate students could have been biased by allegiance.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the completer sample, power = .80 to detect effects of d ≥ 1.17 at alpha = .05.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Overall Analytic plan
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sessions averaged 10.64 allowed strategies; two minor nonprotocol events were recorded.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Therapists and Treatment Integrity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twenty-five percent of sessions were rated by two raters with acceptable reliability, k = .70.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Method1 > Therapists and Treatment Integrity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the ITT sample, power = .80 to detect effects of d ≥ 1.04 at alpha = .05.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Overall Analytic plan
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, given that the sample largely self-identified as White, we need to determine the efficacy and acceptability of ABBT across clients from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three participants began taking medication over the course of the study, although evidence for significant, durable effects of treatment diminished only slightly when those participants were dropped from analyses.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, although assessors were not informed of treatment condition, we did not confirm that they were blind to condition.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although reliability of clinician severity ratings (a primary outcome measure) at pre-assessment was good”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using a diagnostically heterogeneous sample could minimize between group effects.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of a waiting list control comparison does not rule out the possible influence of nonspecific factors.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changes associated with treatment appear to be clinically significant and durable.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Clients with GAD tend to choose behaviors that reduce anxiety rather than maximize satisfaction, and they are distracted by worries during important activities.
“In addition, clients describe making behavioral choices aimed at decreasing anxiety, rather than maximizing satisfaction, and being distracted by worries when they are engaged in important activities.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A small randomized controlled trial comparing an ABBT for GAD to a waiting list control condition revealed significant effects of treatment on clinical assessor ratings of GAD, as well as reports of anxious and depressive symptoms, quality of life, mindfulness, and experiential avoidance (Roemer et al., 2008).”
From Acceptance-based behavioral therapy for GAD: effects on outcomes from three theoretical models. (2011) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire scores at pre-treatment in the GAD subsample were considerably lower that those in recently published randomized trials for GAD (Newman et al., 2011; Roemer et al., 2008), which may hold implications for the interpretation of findings in this subgroup.”
From Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders (2012) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“recent CBT interventions have integrated both less and more elaborate training components by synthesizing mindfulness and attention training with traditional CBT techniques78–80, resulting in high endstate functioning which is achieved and maintained through follow-up periods, while also sampling patients evidencing prominent depression features at baseline78–80.”
From AN OPEN TRIAL OF EMOTION REGULATION THERAPY FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND COOCCURRING DEPRESSION: Research Article: An Open Trial of Emotion Regulation Therapy (2015) · cites this paper as [79]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The main results for study 1, which were reported by Roemer, Orsillo, and Salters-Pednault (2008), showed large magnitude improvements at post treatment and maintenance of gains across follow-up time points for worry, clinician-rated severity of GAD symptoms, and quality of life.”
From Relationships between amount of post-intervention mindfulness practice and follow-up outcome variables in an acceptance-based behavior therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The importance of informal practice (2014) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, and Salters-Pednault (2008)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The latter finding is consistent with the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of newer generation cognitive behavioral approaches, in particular ACT and DBT, for anxiety symptoms and disorders (Arch et al., 2012; Landy, Schneider & Arch, 2015; Roemer, Orsillo & Salters-Pedneault, 2008; Swain, Hancock, Hainsworth, & Bowman, 2013).”
From Differential role of CBT skills, DBT skills and psychological flexibility in predicting depressive versus anxiety symptom improvement (2016) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“a waitlist-controlled trial showed 78% of treated participants no longer met criteria for GAD and 77% achieved high end-state functioning at posttreatment (Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008).”
From Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. (2020) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Considering the primary clinical outcome of this trial (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale – 21 items), in order to achieve 80% power and expecting an approximate 25% dropout rate, a total of N = 92 participants were needed.”
From Inflammatory markers changes following acceptance-based behavioral psychotherapy in generalized anxiety disorder patients: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although other treatment studies with non-Chinese samples document similar patient interfering behaviors (e.g., Roemer et al., 2008)”
From Let Nature Take Its Course: Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Test of Taoist Cognitive Therapy for Chinese American Immigrants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The role of psychological flexibility as a protective psychological resource during a pandemic and the associated social restrictions is consistent with prior research showing that psychological flexibility is related to better mental health in a wide range of contexts and can be substantially improved using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) or mindfulness, or both [77,107,108,109,110,111].”
From Beneficial effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on the well-being of a female sample during the first total lockdown due to covid-19 pandemic in italy (2021) · cites this paper as [110]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Worrying is regarded as anavoidance strategy, being avulnerability and amaintenance factor of GAD [31].”
From The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy-based intervention in therapy for mental health disorders - case study (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The current intervention is founded on a theory-driven, evidence-based behavioral approach, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), with demonstrated efficacy for treating anxiety [49–53].”
From A randomized controlled trial of a group acceptance-based intervention for cancer survivors experiencing anxiety at re-entry ('Valued Living'): Study protocol (2019) · cites this paper as [50]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ACT or acceptance-based treatments largely based on ACT are promising treatments for GAD”
From The relationship between low levels of mindfulness skills and pathological worry: The mediating role of psychological inflexibility. [La relación entre habilidades de mindfulness y preocupación patológica: El rol mediador de la inflexibilidad psicológica] (2014) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ACT has been proven effective for SAD and GAD treatment in adults [68–73].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic approach to adolescents with different anxiety disorders: study protocol. (2025) · cites this paper as [73]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although there are some inconsistencies in the literature [18, 19], studies suggest that ACT may have beneficial effects on chronic pain [20], anxiety [21, 22] and depression [21, 23].”
From Effects of Inpatient Multicomponent Occupational Rehabilitation versus Less Comprehensive Outpatient Rehabilitation on Somatic and Mental Health: Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial. (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Even though anxiety symptom reduction is not the primary focus of ACT, substantial evidence has accrued showing that it can significantly reduce anxiety symptoms and put anxiety disorders into remission [11-15].”
From Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Anxiety Treatment: Systematic Review. (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This process of so called cognitive defusion or meta- cognitive awareness has already been proven to be effective in people with general anxiety disorder [18] and recurrent depression [19,20].”
From A web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a protocol of a randomized controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For those studies employing between-group comparisons ( n =16), 13 (81.25%) involved an equality of therapy hours between conditions, whereas 2 involved conditions in which the therapeutic hours spent differed by more than 20% (Lassen, 2011; Roemer et al., 2008)”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ACT was found to be superior to a wait-list group in terms of proportions of participants not meeting GAD criteria and evidencing response to treatment, a signi fi cant difference between groups.”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Results indicated a decrease in clinicianrated severity and self-reported GAD symptoms of large effect size.”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although our acceptance-based behavioral therapy (ABBT) has demonstrated promising preliminary results (Roemer & Orsillo, 2007; Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008)”
From Acceptance-based behavioral therapy for GAD: effects on outcomes from three theoretical models. (2011) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although preliminary studies support the potential efficacy of ABBT,[23, 24] research aimed at investigating each component of the model is needed to inform future treatment development and refinement.”
From The role of values-consistent behavior in generalized anxiety disorder. (2011) · cites this paper as [24]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Focusing on chosen values as the selection criteria for action can empower people to confront their anxieties (Roemer et al. 2008), face the challenges of chronic illness (Lundgren et al. 2008), or create lives in the face of chronic pain (Vowles & McCracken 2008).”
From Evolving the future: Toward a science of intentional change (2014) · cites this paper as Roemer et al. 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Research findings show that ABBT has been associated with considerable improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms (Hayes-Skelton et al., 2013; Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008; Treanor, Erisman, Salters-Pedneault, Roemer, & Orsillo, 2011).”
From Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In an initial crossover study, in which randomized participants received ABBT immediately or where placed on a waiting list to receive it later, ABBT significantly reduced GAD symptoms to non-clinical levels at follow-up, with benefits sustained over further 9 months (Roemer et al., 2008).”
From Randomized pilot trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based behavioral therapy in the treatment of Spanish-speaking Latino primary care patients with generalized anxiety disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At post-treatment 75% of clients receiving ABBT were considered treatment responders, compared to 8% of those on the wait list.”
From An Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy for Individuals With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In these studies, ABBT led to significant improvement in symptoms in both an open trial (Roemer & Orsillo, 2007) and in a wait list controlled trial (Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pendneault, 2008).”
From An Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy for Individuals With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In terms of research on the proposed mechanisms of change for ABBT, clients have reported significant changes from pre to post treatment on measures of experiential avoidance (Roemer et al., 2008), reported anxiety about emotional responses and intolerance of uncertainty (Treanor, Erisman, Salters-Pedneault, Orsillo, & Roemer, in press), time spent accepting internal experiences and engaging in”
From An Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy for Individuals With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Likewise, in the wait list controlled trial, clients, again all diagnosed with GAD at pre-treatment, showed significant improvement on GAD severity, worry, and depression.”
From An Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy for Individuals With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Researchers have reported promising results in pilot trials of mindfulness interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Zylowska et al., 2008), bipolar disorder (Miklowitz et al., 2009; Weber et al., 2010; Williams et al., 2008), panic disorder (Kim et al., 2010), generalized anxiety disorder (Evans et al., 2008; Craigie, Rees, Marsh, & Nathan, 2008; Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedne”
From Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies (2011) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Clients also experienced significant changes on a self-report measure of experiential avoidance (Roemer et al., 2008), as well as on a measure of reported anxiety about emotional responses (Treanor, Erisman, Salters-Pedneault, Orsillo, & Roemer, 2009), both are proposed mechanisms of change.”
From Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (2010) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the wait list controlled trial, clients receiving ABBT showed significantly greater improvement on GAD severity, worry, and depression compared to those in the wait list.”
From Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (2010) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At post treatment or post waiting list, 75% of participants receiving ABBT were considered treatment responders, compared to 8% on the wait list.”
From Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (2010) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Since ABBT has been shown to be an efficacious treatment in previous studies”
From Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (2010) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This acceptance based behavioral therapy (ABBT) produced favorable outcomes for the majority of clients receiving it in both an open trial and a randomized controlled trial (Roemer & Orsillo, 2007; Roemer et al., 2008).”
From Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (2010) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Acceptance-based behavior therapy (ABBT) is a new approach to treatment for GAD with demonstrated efficacy (Hayes-Skelton, Roemer, & Orsillo, 2013; Roemer & Orsillo, 2007; Roemer et al., 2008) that integrates acceptance and mindfulness with traditional behavioral approaches.”
From Interpersonal Problems, Mindfulness, and Therapy Outcome in an Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Support for the efficacy of ABBT comes from an open trial (Roemer & Orsillo, 2007), a waitlist RCT (Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008), and comparative efficacy trials with supportive therapy (de Almeida Sampaio et al., 2020), applied relaxation (Hayes-Skelton, Roemer, & Orsillo, 2013), and cognitive-behavioral therapy (Vera, Obén, Juarbe, Hernández, & Pérez-Pedrogo, 2021).”
From Do treatment responders maintain their gains following a randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder? (2025) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The main results for study 1, which were reported by Roemer, Orsillo, and Salters-Pednault (2008), showed large magnitude improvements at post treatment and maintenance of gains across follow-up time points for worry, clinician-rated severity of GAD symptoms, and quality of life.”
From Relationships between amount of post-intervention mindfulness practice and follow-up outcome variables in an acceptance-based behavior therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The importance of informal practice (2014) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, and Salters-Pednault (2008)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In general, the effects of ACT in this study were substantially smaller than effects observed in younger adult samples with GAD (e.g., Roemer & Orsillo, 2007; Roemer et al., 2008).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: a preliminary report. (2011) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although research with clinical and non-clinical samples demonstrates that EA is reduced from pre to post-treatment (or that experiential acceptance, that opposite of EA, increases) over the course of acceptance-based treatments for anxiety (Ciarrochi, Bilich, & Godsell, 2010; Roemer et al., 2008)”
From Reductions in experiential avoidance as a mediator of change in symptom outcome and quality of life in acceptance-based behavior therapy and applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder (2016) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“another acceptancebased approach, developed specifically for GAD -acceptance-based behavioural therapy (ABBT; Roemer & Orsillo, 2005) -has been investigated in an open trial (Roemer & Orsillo, 2007), a randomised wait-list controlled trial (Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008), and a randomised controlled trial of ABBT and applied relaxation (Hayes-Skeleton, Roemer, & Orsillo, 2013).”
From A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder (2014) · cites this paper as Roemer, Orsillo, & Salters-Pedneault, 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Results of a randomised controlled trial of ABBT for GAD using a wait-list control demonstrated its efficacy and indicated that 77% of participants achieved high end-state functioning at post-assessment, with these gains being maintained at both 3-month and 9-month follow-up (Roemer et al., 2008).”
From A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder (2014) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, the recommendations from Roemer et al. (2008) and Powers, Zum Vörde Sive Vörding, and Emmelkamp (2009) that further research is necessary to determine the generalisability of the findings, and in particular to further compare the acceptance based therapies to active treatments for GAD, remains.”
From A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder (2014) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The ABBT results, including those on DASS-anxiety, are similar to what was reported inRoemer et al. (2008).”
From Efficacy of an acceptance-based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. (2020) · cites this paper as Roemer et al. (2008)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“GAD patients treated with ABBT showed significant reductions in GAD symptoms compared with waitlist control (Roemer et al., 2008) and comparable to applied relaxation (Hayes-Skelton et al., 2013) in randomized trials.”
From Inflammatory markers changes following acceptance-based behavioral psychotherapy in generalized anxiety disorder patients: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Previous studies on in terventions based on ACT have brought promising results [22, 25-31].”
From The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy-based intervention in therapy for mental health disorders - case study (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Acceptance-based CBT has some support as a treatment for GAD (Hayes-Skelton et al., 2013, Roemer et al., 2008), with a study indicating that ACT can be as effective as CBT (Avdagic et al., 2014).”
From Internet-delivered acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot study (2016) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Emotion acceptance is one such skill that has been increasingly incorporated into newer cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments to counter worry in GAD, with promising results (Roemer et al., 2008; Barlow et al., 2010).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance vs worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In recent studies, mindfulness has successfully been applied to reduce GAD symptoms (Evans et al. 2008; Roemer et al. 2008).”
From Common Factors of Meditation, Focusing, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Longitudinal Relation of Self-Report Measures to Worry, Depressive, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among Nonclinical Students (2015) · cites this paper as Roemer et al. 2008
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At posttherapy 75% of GAD participants were deemed to evidence clinically signi fi cant change (Roemer et al., 2008), a fi nding strengthened by a well above average and relatively high POMRF rating.”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review (2013) · cites this paper as Roemer et al., 2008
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“This is contrary to other research 26, 37-40 .”
From The Effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Self-help Intervention for Chronic Pain. (2010) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“On balance, these newer mindfulness-enriched CBTs demonstrate promising preliminary efficacy [35–38].”
From All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“An explanation for the mentioned finding is that ACT techniques are useful in maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, with development of emotional awareness, and focus on different aspects of emotional regulation (41, 42).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and difficulties in emotion regulation among university students (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Overall Analytic plan
“Means and standard errors generated by HLM are reported in Tables 2 and 4.”
§ Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial > Results > Preliminary Analyses
“Means and standard deviations of all outcome variables at pre- and post- are reported in Table 2.”
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · cited 2×
“The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; K. W. Brown & Ryan, 2003) is a 15-item self-report measure of present moment attention and awareness that was added during the study (18 participants completed it).”
Cognitive Therapy for Depression
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675542012-001 · Cited by 9,678
(1993) · Cited by 7,136
(1999) · Cited by 5,934
Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 · Cited by 5,099
(2001) · Cited by 3,666
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595
Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M. A., Dykstra, T. A., Batten, S. V., Bergan, J., et al. (2004) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395492 · Cited by 2,140
Meta-analysis of experiments with matched groups or repeated measures designs
Dunlap, W. P., Cortina, J. M., Vaslow, J. B., & Burke, M. J. (1996) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.2.170 · Cited by 1,693
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686
“…emphasize taking a non-judgmental stance have been developed to treat a variety of disorders, including depression (Segal et al., 2002), anxiety (Roemer et al., 2008), eating disorders (Kristeller, Baer, & Quillian-Wolever, 2006), substance abuse (e.g., Breslin, Zack, & McMain, 2002; Marlatt et…”
BackgroundHölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691611419671 · Cited by 3,024
“The role of extinction processes in the improvements following mindfulness-based treatments is most obvious in the treatment of anxiety disorders, which have reliably been found to benefit from mindfulness practice (Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992; Kimbrough, Magyari, Langenberg, Chesney, & Berman, 2010; Roemer et al., 2008).”
Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,687
Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density
Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S. M., Gard, T., & Lazar, S. W. (2011) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006 · Cited by 1,914
“A large body of research has established the efficacy of these mindfulness-based interventions in reducing symptoms of a number of disorders, including anxiety (Roemer et al., 2008), depression (Teasdale et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialEmotion Regulation and Psychopathology: The Role of Gender
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143109 · Cited by 1,413
“…acceptance, problem-solving, or attentional redeployment have all been shown to be related to elevated levels of depression, anxiety, or borderline personality disorder symptoms (see Aldao et al. 2010, Campbell-Sills & Barlow 2007, Lynch et al. 2007, McLaughlin et al. 2007, Roemer et al. 2008).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1083-1089
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- PMC
- PMC2596727
- OpenAlex
- W2124962851
- Cited by
- 554
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 25.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH63208)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, acceptance and commitment therapy, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, depressive symptoms, treatment efficacy, treatment delay
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Behavior Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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