The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Received ethnic–racial socialization messages and youths’ academic and behavioral outcomes: Examining the mediating role of ethnic identity and self-esteem.
Abstract
The authors examined relationships between cultural socialization and preparation for bias and youth outcomes. Using data from 805 African American and White early adolescents attending school in an integrated middle-class suburban school district in the northeastern United States, the authors hypothesized that ethnic affirmation and self-esteem would mediate relations between ethnic-racial socialization and more distal academic and behavioral outcomes. Cultural socialization was positively associated with academic and behavioral outcomes, and these associations were partially mediated by ethnic affirmation and self-esteem. Preparation for bias was associated with more negative academic outcomes, and these relationships were fully mediated by ethnic affirmation and self-esteem. Relationships of preparation for bias to youth outcomes were generally stronger for White compared with African American youths. The risks and benefits of different socialization messages for youths in various ecological contexts are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004) · Political Psychology · doi:10.4324/9780203505984-16 · Cited by 13,467
Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 · Cited by 9,020
Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications
Rigdon, E. E., & Hoyle, R. H. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151904 · Cited by 4,060
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups
Phinney, J. S. (1992) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/074355489272003 · Cited by 3,813
The Perceived Competence Scale for Children
Harter, S. (1982) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129640 · Cited by 3,639
Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.77.1.135 · Cited by 2,607
Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747 · Cited by 2,420
Self-citationPsychological perspectives on the self
Suls, J. M., & Greenwald, A. G. (1982) · Lawrence Erlbaum Associates eBooks · Cited by 2,300
Cited by
Rivas-Drake, D., Seaton, E. K., Markstrom, C., Quintana, S., Syed, M., Lee, R. M., Schwartz, S. J., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., French, S., Yip, T., et al. (2014) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12200 · Cited by 832
Self-citationAnderson, R. E., & Stevenson, H. C. (2019) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000392 · Cited by 362
Priest, N., Walton, J., White, F., Kowal, E., Baker, A., & Paradies, Y. (2014) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.08.003 · Cited by 338
Racial/ethnic socialization for White youth: What we know and future directions
Loyd, A. B., & Gaither, S. E. (2018) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2018.05.004 · Cited by 170
Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Black Women
Moody, A. T., & Lewis, J. A. (2019) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684319828288 · Cited by 161
Metadata
- Authors
- Hughes, D., Witherspoon, D., Rivas-Drake, D., & West-Bey, N.
- Venue
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 112-124
- ISSN
- 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0106
- 1099-9809
- OpenAlex
- W1966808745
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 63
- FWCI
- 49.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Received ethnic–racial socialization messages and youths’ academic and behavioral outcomes: Examining the mediating role of ethnic identity and self-esteem. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/a0015509
- The paper
- Hughes, D., Witherspoon, D., Rivas-Drake, D., & West-Bey, N. (2009). Received ethnic–racial socialization messages and youths’ academic and behavioral outcomes: Examining the mediating role of ethnic identity and self-esteem. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015509
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
