The nature and structure of correlations among Big Five ratings: The halo-alpha-beta model.
Abstract
In light of consistently observed correlations among Big Five ratings, the authors developed and tested a model that combined E. L. Thorndike's (1920) general evaluative bias (halo) model and J. M. Digman's (1997) higher order personality factors (alpha and beta) model. With 4 multitrait-multimethod analyses, Study 1 revealed moderate convergent validity for alpha and beta across raters, whereas halo was mainly a unique factor for each rater. In Study 2, the authors showed that the halo factor was highly correlated with a validated measure of evaluative biases in self-ratings. Study 3 showed that halo is more strongly correlated with self-ratings of self-esteem than self-ratings of the Big Five, which suggests that halo is not a mere rating bias but actually reflects overly positive self-evaluations. Finally, Study 4 demonstrated that the halo bias in Big Five ratings is stable over short retest intervals. Taken together, the results suggest that the halo-alpha-beta model integrates the main findings in structural analyses of Big Five correlations. Accordingly, halo bias in self-ratings is a reliable and stable bias in individuals' perceptions of their own attributes. Implications of the present findings for the assessment of Big Five personality traits in monomethod studies are discussed.
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The statistical approach ameliorates the self-deceptive enhancement concern because it controlled for the shared variance between the Big Five traits.
“Granted, our statistical approach ameliorates this concern because it controlled for the shared variance between the Big Five traits (eqs.1-7).”
From Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem. (2015) · cites this paper as Anusic, Schimmack, Pinkus, & Lookwood, 2009
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Rushton, J. P., & Erdle, S. (2010) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.13.2.131 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Personality and Risk: Beyond Daredevils— Risk Taking from a Temperament Perspective
Lauriola, M., & Weller, J. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92478-6_1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Examining sources of self-informant agreement in life-satisfaction judgments
Schneider, L., & Schimmack, U. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.01.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationvan der Linden, D., Nijenhuis, J. T., Cremers, M., & van de Ven, C. (2011) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2011.00543.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The general factor of personality and job performance: Revisiting previous meta‐analyses
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- Authors
- Anusic, I., Schimmack, U., Pinkus, R. T., & Lockwood, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1142-1156
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2028826002
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 19.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Big Five personality traits, halo effect, evaluative bias, higher-order personality factors, self-ratings, self-esteem, convergent validity, test-retest stability, multitrait-multimethod analysis, personality assessment
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Personality, Personality Assessment, Psychological Theory, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self-Assessment, Self Concept, Students, Reproducibility of Results, Discriminant Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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