The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
When men break the gender rules: Status incongruity and backlash against modest men.
Abstract
Adherence to masculine norms and stereotypes has been linked to negative consequences for men, suggesting that liberating men from the bonds of traditional masculinity would be beneficial (Courtenay, 2000; Pollack, 1998). However, when people deviate from stereotypic expectations, they encounter backlash (i.e., social and economic penalties; Rudman & Phelan, 2008). The current research demonstrated backlash in the form of prejudice against modest (i.e., atypical) men and supported predictions derived from the status-incongruity hypothesis (SIH) to account for backlash (Rudman, Phelan, Moss-Racusin, & Nauts, 2009). Modest men were perceived as violating men’s proscriptions linked to low status (e.g., weakness and uncertainty), as well as agentic men’s prescriptions linked to high status (e.g., confidence and ambition). By contrast, status-neutral communal traits were not an explanatory factor in backlash. These findings suggest that perceived status violations underscore backlash, pressuring men to conform to masculine norms and stereotypes that limit their human potential.
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Cites
Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
Sobel, M. E. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270723 · Cited by 12,810
Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.109.3.573 · Cited by 7,300
Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research.
Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115 · Cited by 4,037
Rudman, L. A. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.629 · Cited by 1,511
Self-citationPrentice, D. A., & Carranza, E. (2002) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066 · Cited by 1,501
Development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory.
Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B. D., Ludlow, L. H., Diemer, M. A., Scott, R. P. J., Gottfried, M., & Freitas, G. (2003) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.4.1.3 · Cited by 1,295
Backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations
Rudman, L. A., & Phelan, J. E. (2008) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.003 · Cited by 776
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Cited by
Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students
Moss-Racusin, C. A., Dovidio, J. F., Brescoll, V. L., Graham, M. J., & Handelsman, J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1211286109 · Cited by 3,150
Self-citationRudman, L. A., Moss-Racusin, C. A., Phelan, J. E., & Nauts, S. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.10.008 · Cited by 1,208
Self-citationMoral character predominates in person perception and evaluation.
Goodwin, G. P., Piazza, J., & Rozin, P. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034726 · Cited by 852
Penalizing Men Who Request a Family Leave: Is Flexibility Stigma a Femininity Stigma?
Rudman, L. A., & Mescher, K. (2013) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12017 · Cited by 566
Self-citationNormative Discrimination and the Motherhood Penalty
Benard, S., & Correll, S. J. (2010) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243210383142 · Cited by 428
Metadata
- Authors
- Moss-Racusin, C. A., Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A.
- Venue
- Psychology of Men & Masculinity
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 140-151
- ISSN
- 1524-9220 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-151X
- OpenAlex
- W2123864938
- Cited by
- 529
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 34.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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