CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 123Language, Metaphor, and CognitionEmbodied and Extended CognitionCategorization, perception, and language

From perceptual rags to metaphoric riches: bodily, social, and cultural constraints on sociocognitive metaphors: comment on Landau, Meier, and Keefer (2010).

Open access
IJzerman, Hans, Koole, Sander L.·2011·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/a0022373
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

What leads people to describe some of their interpersonal relationships as "close" and "warm" and others as "distant" and "cold"? Landau, Meier, and Keefer (2010) proposed that conceptual metaphors facilitate social cognition by allowing people to use knowledge from a relatively concrete (source) domain (e.g., physical distance) in understanding a different, usually more abstract (target) concept (e.g., love). We concur that such a notion of metaphors can greatly enrich the field of social cognition. At the same time, we believe it is important to devote greater theoretical attention to the nature of metaphorical representations in social cognition. We believe that Landau et al. place too much emphasis on sociocognitive metaphors as top-down knowledge structures and pay too little attention to the constraints that shape metaphors from the bottom up. In the present contribution, we highlight important bottom-up constraints, imposed through bodily constraints and social scaffolds. Sociocognitive metaphors do not exist just for mental representation but for action as well. We discuss the relevance of grounding sociocognitive metaphors for broader motivational purposes.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0022373

Cites

10 of 10 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Complex forms of information processing build upon and extend basic perceptual-motor processes.

    “However, research has shown that complex forms of information processing build upon and extend basic perceptual-motor processes (Barsalou, 2008; Williams et al., 2009; IJzerman and Koole, 2011).”

    From Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Review and an Integrative Framework for the Therapeutic Alliance (2016) · cites this paper as IJzerman and Koole, 2011

    The “Bottom-Up Constraints on Conceptual Metaphors” section (page unavailable) says that associations between bodily and social experiences form the basis of later conceptual metaphors. This supports the claim for social cognition, but the paper does not establish that complex information processing generally builds on perceptual-motor processes. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 38

  1. Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (2000). The mind in the middle: A practical guide to priming and automaticity research. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 253 -285). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  2. Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577 -609.doi: 10.1017/S0140525X99002149. · DOI · Paper page
  3. Beck, L. R., Flowers, C. E., & Blair, W. D. (1979). The effect of oxytocin on fetal scalp temperature. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 53, 200 -202. http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1979/02000/The_Effects_of_Oxytocin_ on_Fetal_Scalp_Temperature.13.aspx
  4. Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge University Press, UK.
  5. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. London: Hogarth Press.
  6. Bruner, J.S. (1957). Going beyond the information given. In J.S. Bruner, E, Brunswik, L. Festinger, F. Heider, K.F. Muenzinger, C.E. Osgood, & D. Rapaport, (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to cognition (pp. 41-69). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  7. Caporael, L. R. (1997). The evolution of truly social cognition: The core configurations model. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 276 -298. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0104_1. · DOI
  8. Casasanto, D., & Boroditsky, L. (2008). Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Cognition, 106, 579 -593.doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.004. · DOI
  9. Cohen, D., & Leung, A. K.-y. (2009). The hard embodiment of culture. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1278 -1289.doi: 10.1002/ejsp.671. · DOI
  10. Cohen, D., Leung, A. K.-y., & IJzerman, H. (2009). Culture, psyche, and body make each other up. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1298 -1299.doi: 10.1002/ejsp.698. · DOI
  11. Crawford, L. E. (2009). Conceptual metaphors of affect. Emotion Review, 1, 129 -139. doi: 10.1177/1754073908100438. · DOI
  12. Fiske, A. P. (1991). Structures of social life: The four elementary forms of human relations. New York: Free Press.
  13. In N. Haslam (Ed.). Relational models theory: A contemporary overview (pp. 3 -25). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
  14. Fransson, A. L., Karlsson, H., & Nilsson, K. (2005). Temperature variation in newborn babies: Importance of physical contact with the mother. Archives of Disease in Childhood -Fetal Neonatal, 90, 500 -504.doi: 10.1136/adc.2004.066589. · DOI
  15. Hassard, J. (1989). Time and industrial sociology. In Blyton, P., Hassard J., Hill, S., & Stanley, K. (Eds.), Time, work, and organization (pp. 13-27). New York: Routledge.
  16. Higgins, E. T. (1996). Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 133-168). New York: Guilford Press.
  17. IJzerman, H., & Semin, G. R. (2009). The thermometer of social relations: Mapping social proximity on temperature. Psychological Science, 20, 1214 -1220. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02434.x · DOI
  18. IJzerman, H. & Semin, G. R. (2010). Temperature as a ground for social proximity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 867 - 873.doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.07.015. · DOI
  19. In J. Moxley, J. Juge, & M. Juge (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual PB 2010-0508 10/28/10 Constraining Conceptual Metaphors 21 Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (pp. 469 -480). Berkeley Linguistics Society.
  20. Lakens, D. (2010). Movement synchrony and perceived entitativity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 701 -708.doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.03.015.. · DOI
  21. Landau, M. J., Meier, B. P., and Keefer, L. A. (2010). A metaphor-enriched social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 1045 -1067.doi:10.1037/a0020970. · DOI
  22. Maass, A., & Russo, A. (2003). Directional bias in the mental representation of events: Nature or culture? Psychological Science, 14, 296 -301.doi: 10.1111/1467- 9280.14421. · DOI
  23. Macrae, C. N., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2000). Social cognition: Thinking categorically about others. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 93 -120. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.93 · DOI
  24. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Milne, A. B., & Jetten, J. (1994). Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 808 -817.
  25. Mandler, J. (2004). The foundations of mind: Origins of conceptual thoughts. New York: Oxford University Press.
  26. Mignault, A., & Chaudhuri, A. (2003). The many faces of a neutral face: Head tilt and perception of dominance and emotion. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27, 111 -132. doi:10.1023/A:1023914509763. · DOI
  27. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 34 -38. doi: 10.1111/j.0963- 7214.2005.00330.x. · DOI
  28. Schubert, T. W. & Koole, S. L. (2009). The embodied self: Making a fist enhances men's power-related self-conceptions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 828 - 834. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.003. · DOI
  29. Smith, E. R. (1998). Mental representations and memory. In D. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, and G Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (Vol 1, 4 th ed. pp. 391-345). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  30. Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (2000). Dual process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 108 -131. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_01. · DOI
  31. Smith, E. R., & Semin, G. R. (2004). Socially situated cognition: Cognition in its social context. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 53 -117. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(04)36002-8. · DOI
  32. Stapel, D.A., & Koomen, W. (2000).. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 19 - 37. How far do we go beyond the information given? The impact of knowledge activation on interpretation and inference.doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.19. Tracy, J. L., & Matsumoto, D. (2008). The spontaneous display of pride and shame: Evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 11655 - 11660.10.1073/pnas.0802686105. · DOI
  33. Williams, L. E., & Bargh, J. A. (2008a). Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science, 322, 606 -607.doi:10.1126/science.1162548. · DOI · Paper page
  34. Williams, L. E., & Bargh, J. A. (2008b). Keeping one's distance: The influence of spatial distance cues on affect and evaluation. Psychological Science, 19, 302 -308. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02084.x. · DOI
  35. Wisman, A. & Koole, S. L. (2003). Hiding in the crowd: Can mortality salience promote affiliation with others who oppose one's worldviews? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 511 -526.doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.511. · DOI · Paper page
  36. Wyer, R. S., & Srull, T. K. (1989). Human cognition and its social context. Psychological Review, 93, 322-359.doi:10.1037/0033-295X.93.3.322. · DOI · Paper page
  37. Zhong, C., & Leonardelli, G. J. (2008). Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion feel literally cold? Psychological Science, 19, 838-842.doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02165.x. · DOI
  38. Zhong, C., & Liljenquist, K. (2006). Washing away your sins: Threatened morality and physical cleansing. Science, 313, 1451-1452.doi:10.1126/science.1130726. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
IJzerman, H., & Koole, S. L.
Affiliations
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2011
Volume
137
Issue
2
Pages
355-361
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/a0022373
OpenAlex
W1978885861
Cited by
123
References
10
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 9
FWCI
18.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Stanford University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Keywords
conceptual metaphor, social cognition, social scaffolding, metaphorical representation, interpersonal relationships, motivation, embodied cognition
MeSH terms
Cognition, Culture, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Metaphor

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review