The scaffolded mind: higher mental processes are grounded in early experience of the physical world.

Williams, Lawrence E.; Huang, Julie Y.; Bargh, John A.

doi:10.1002/ejsp.665

Cited by 385Language, Metaphor, and CognitionEmbodied and Extended CognitionSocial Representations and Identity

The scaffolded mind: higher mental processes are grounded in early experience of the physical world.

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Williams, Lawrence E., Huang, Julie Y., Bargh, John A.·2009·European Journal of Social Psychology

DOI 10.1002/ejsp.665PMC PMC2799930

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Abstract

It has long been a staple of psychological theory that early life experiences significantly shape the adult's understanding of and reactions to the social world. Here we consider how early concept development along with evolved motives operating early in life can come to exert a passive, unconscious influence on the human adult's higher‐order goal pursuits, judgments, and actions. In particular, we focus on concepts and goal structures specialized for interacting with the physical environment (e.g., distance cues, temperature, cleanliness, and self‐protection), which emerge early and automatically as a natural part of human development and evolution. It is proposed that via the process of scaffolding, these early sensorimotor experiences serve as the foundation for the later development of more abstract concepts and goals. Experiments using priming methodologies reveal the extent to which these early concepts serve as the analogical basis for more abstract psychological concepts, such that we come easily and naturally to speak of close relationships,warm personalities, moral purity, and psychological pain. Taken together, this research demonstrates the extent to which such foundational concepts are capable of influencing people's information processing, affective judgments, and goal pursuit, oftentimes outside of their intention or awareness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Complex forms of information processing build upon and extend basic perceptual-motor processes.
“However, research has shown that complex forms of information processing build upon and extend basic perceptual-motor processes (Barsalou, 2008; Williams et al., 2009; IJzerman and Koole, 2011).”
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Authors: Williams, L. E., Huang, J. Y., & Bargh, J. A.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Williams, Lawrence E.
ORCID: Williams, Lawrence E.
Bargh, John A.
Venue: European Journal of Social Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-11-13
Volume: 39
Issue: 7
Pages: 1257-1267
ISSN: 0046-2772 (ISSN-L)
1099-0992
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.665
PMC: PMC2799930
OpenAlex: W2005491822
Cited by: 385
References: 97
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 25.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060767)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
Keywords: scaffolding, physical environment, priming, unconscious influence, goal pursuit, affective judgment, distance cues, cleanliness, self-protection, moral purity, psychological suffering, close relationships, warmth

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The scaffolded mind: higher mental processes are grounded in early experience of the physical world.

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