The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measure Twice, Cut down Error: A Process for Enhancing the Validity of Survey Scales
Open accessAbstract
For years psychologists across many subfields have undertaken the formidable challenge of designing survey scales to assess attitudes, opinions, and behaviors. Correspondingly, scholars have written much to guide researchers in this undertaking. Yet, many new scales violate established best practices in survey design, suggesting the need for a new approach to designing surveys. This article presents 6 steps to facilitate the construction of questionnaire scales. Unlike previous processes, this one front loads input from other academics and potential respondents in the item-development and revision phase with the goal of achieving credibility across both populations. Specifically, the article describes how (a) a literature review and (b) focus group–interview data can be (c) synthesized into a comprehensive list to facilitate (d) the development of items. Next, survey designers can subject the items to (e) an expert review and (f) cognitive pretesting before executing a pilot test.
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Cites
Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309 · Cited by 6,567
The Psychology of Survey Response
Tourangeau, R., Rips, L. J., & Rasinski, K. (2000) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819322 · Cited by 4,734
A Review of Scale Development Practices in the Study of Organizations
Hinkin, T. R. (1995) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639502100509 · Cited by 3,193
Willis, G. (2005) · doi:10.4135/9781412983655 · Cited by 1,778 · cited 3×
“Thus, experts often advise identifying clear trends from multiple respondents about a potentially problematic item before making changes (Willis, 2005).”
BackgroundFactor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology
Comrey, A. L. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.5.754 · Cited by 1,154
Wentzel, K. R. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00406 · Cited by 797
Assessing Three Sources of Misresponse to Reversed Likert Items
Swain, S. D., Weathers, D., & Niedrich, R. W. (2008) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.45.1.116 · Cited by 386
Cited by
Duckworth, A. L., & Yeager, D. S. (2015) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x15584327 · Cited by 993
Measuring cost: The forgotten component of expectancy-value theory
Flake, J. K., Barron, K. E., Hulleman, C., McCoach, B. D., & Welsh, M. E. (2015) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.03.002 · Cited by 554
Wang, M.-T., Fredricks, J., Ye, F., Hofkens, T., & Linn, J. S. (2019) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000431 · Cited by 214
Schwarz (1999) · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002002 · Cited by 67
Flake, J. K. (2021) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2021.1898962 · Cited by 58
Gehlbach, H., Robinson, C. D., Finefter-Rosenbluh, I., Benshoof, C., & Schneider, J. (2018) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2017.1349876 · Cited by 33
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gehlbach, H., & Brinkworth, M. E.
- Venue
- Review of General Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 380-387
- ISSN
- 1089-2680 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1552
- OpenAlex
- W2016475235
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 7.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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