Cited by 252Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchOccupational Health and PerformanceCOVID-19 and Mental Health

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Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological symptoms in trauma-exposed firefighters

Meyer, Eric C., Zimering, Rose, Daly, Erin, Knight, Jeffrey, Kamholz, Barbara W., Gulliver, Suzy Bird·2012·Psychological Services

DOI 10.1037/a0026414

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Abstract

Firefighters are exposed to a range of potentially traumatic stressors, yet studies examining the impact of this exposure are equivocal. Although some studies suggest increased risk for mental health problems, others suggest unusual resilience. Type of assessment methodology may contribute to the lack of consistent findings. We assessed 142 trauma-exposed, professional firefighters utilizing a standardized clinical interview and self-report measures and found low rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses (4.2%), and depressive, anxiety, and alcohol-abuse symptoms. Frequency of trauma exposure did not predict psychological symptoms. Perceived social support, occupational stress, coping, as well as the interaction between perceived social support and self-blame were significant predictors of symptoms. Firefighters reporting low-perceived social support and high self-blame demonstrated the highest levels of clinically significant symptoms. These findings may inform education, treatment, and resilience training for emergency personnel.

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Authors: Meyer, E. C., Zimering, R., Daly, E., Knight, J., Kamholz, B. W., & Gulliver, S. B.
Affiliations: United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
ORCID: Meyer, Eric C.
Kamholz, Barbara W.
Gulliver, Suzy Bird
Venue: Psychological Services
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2012-02
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-15
ISSN: 1541-1559 (ISSN-L)
1939-148X
DOI: 10.1037/a0026414
OpenAlex: W1972083753
Cited by: 252
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 15.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Services (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, firefighters, occupational trauma exposure, psychological symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse, perceived social support, self-blame, occupational stress, coping, resilience, emergency workers
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Fires, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Wounds and Injuries, Firefighters

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Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological symptoms in trauma-exposed firefighters

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