Firefighter suicide: Understanding cultural challenges for mental health professionals.

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Exposure to traumatic incidents and prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptomatology in urban firefighters in two countries.

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Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological symptoms in trauma-exposed firefighters

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Perceived Burdensomeness And Suicidality: Two Studies On The Suicide Notes Of Those Attempting And Those Completing Suicide

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Nightmares and Sleep Disturbances in Relation to Suicidality in Suicide Attempters

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Blood Pressure in Firefighters, Police Officers, and Other Emergency Responders

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Alcohol consumption and suicide

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Career prevalence and correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among firefighters

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Exposure to duty‐related incident stressors in urban firefighters and paramedics

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A preliminary investigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms among firefighters

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Social support, self‐efficacy and trauma in new recruits and experienced firefighters

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Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in firefighters

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Trends of Elevated PTSD Risk in Firefighters Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster: 2001–2005

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Subsequent Mortality in Medically Serious Suicide Attempts: A 5 Year Follow-Up

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Sleeping Problems and Suicide in 75,000 Norwegian Adults: A 20 Year Follow-up of the HUNT I Study

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Myths about Suicide

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Impact of post-traumatic stress disorder and job-related stress on burnout: A study of fire service workers

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Alcohol use among firefighters in the central United States

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Mental health conditions, individual and job characteristics and sleep disturbances among firefighters

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Social Support, Stress, and Suicidal Ideation in Professional Firefighters

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A revised measure of occupational stress for firefighters: psychometric properties and relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance abuse

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Stress and Coping Strategies Among Firefighters and Recruits

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Crisis Intervention by Social Workers in Fire Departments: An Innovative Role for Social Workers

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Early physical victimization is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Mississippi police and firefighter first responders to Hurricane Katrina.

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Obesity and Risk of LVH and ECG Abnormalities in US Firefighters

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Trouble in Mind

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Mental Disorder Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel in Canada

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PTSD symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among firefighters

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A SWOT Analysis of the Field of Virtual Reality for Firefighter Training

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Differences in psychiatric symptoms and barriers to mental health care between volunteer and career firefighters

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Barriers and Facilitators to Seeking Mental Health Care Among First Responders: “Removing the Darkness”

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A longitudinal assessment of the road to mental readiness training among municipal police

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Examining Mental Health Knowledge, Stigma, and Service Use Intentions Among Public Safety Personnel

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Provincial Correctional Service Workers: The Prevalence of Mental Disorders

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Examining anxiety sensitivity as a mediator of the association between PTSD symptoms and suicide risk among women firefighters

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Posttraumatic Stress and Suicidality Among Firefighters: The Moderating Role of Distress Tolerance

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Occupational stress and suicidality among firefighters: Examining the buffering role of distress tolerance

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Suicide Risk in Male Firefighters

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Self-Compassion Buffers the Link Between Self-Criticism and Depression in Trauma-Exposed Firefighters

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Posttraumatic stress, alcohol use severity, and alcohol use motives among firefighters: The role of anxiety sensitivity

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Anxiety-related psychopathology and chronic pain comorbidity among public safety personnel

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Alcohol use and suicidality in firefighters: Associations with depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress

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Wildland firefighters and suicide risk: Examining the role of social disconnectedness

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Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among women firefighters: An examination of associated features and comparison of pre-career and career prevalence rates

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Supporting the Mental Health and Well-Being of First Responders from Career to Retirement: A Scoping Review

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Firefighters’ job stress and the (un)intended consequences of relational quality with spouses and firefighter friends

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Alcohol Use Problems, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicide Risk among Trauma-Exposed Firefighters

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Job demands, resources and work-related well-being in UK firefighters

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Extinguishing Stigma among Firefighters: An Examination of Stress, Social Support, and Help-Seeking Attitudes

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Pervasive Uncertainty under Threat: Mental Health Disorders and Experiences of Uncertainty for Correctional Workers

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PTSD symptom severity and impulsivity among firefighters: Associations with alcohol use

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Emotional exhaustion and its relationship with suicide risk in emergency responders

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Firefighter Stress and Mental Health: Introduction to the Special Issue

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Provincial and territorial correctional service workers: A Canadian national and jurisdictional assessment of mental health

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The Role of Mindfulness in Reactivity to Daily Stress in Urban Firefighters

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Correctional Work: Reflections Regarding Suicide

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A CNN-based personalized system for attention detection in wayfinding tasks

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Warr;or21: A 21-Day Program to Enhance First Responder Resilience and Mental Health

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Allowing nondisclosure in surveys with suicide content: Characteristics of nondisclosure in a national survey of emergency services personnel.

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Mental Health Disorders and Suicidal Behaviors Among Provincial Correctional Workers

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“If it stops, then I’ll start worrying.” Humor as part of the fire service culture, specifically as part of coping with critical incidents

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Mental health service use and help-seeking among women firefighters with a career history of suicidality.

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Documenting the mental health climate in correctional work and the realities of suicide

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Anxiety sensitivity and suicide risk among firefighters: A test of the depression-distress amplification model

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The Quality, Readability, Completeness, and Accuracy of PTSD Websites for Firefighters

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The effect of a mental health promotion program on Korean firefighters

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Associations between Lower-Order Anxiety Sensitivity Facets and PTSD Symptomatology among Trauma-Exposed Firefighters

Lebeaut, A., Leonard, S. J., Healy, N. A., Raines, A. M., Buser, S. J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211016819 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Understanding mental health among military veterans in the fire service

Bartlett, B. A., Smith, L. J., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.020 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Mental Health Among Firefighters

DeMoulin, D., Jacobs, S., Nam, Y.-S., Harding, A. B., Moskowitz, A. F., Shi, Y., & Kim, H. S. (2022) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002680 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Systematic review of randomised control trial health promotion intervention studies in the fire services: study characteristics, intervention design and impacts on health

MacMillan, F., Kolt, G. S., Le, A. N., & George, E. S. (2020) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106613 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Trauma and Mental Health Awareness in Emergency Service Workers: A Qualitative Evaluation of the Behind the Seen Education Workshops

Fogarty, A. S., Steel, Z., Ward, P. B., Boydell, K., McKeon, G., & Rosenbaum, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094418 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

A Canadian national study of provincial and territorial correctional workers' suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts

Ricciardelli, R., Carleton, R. N., Johnston, M. S., Dorniani, S., Taillieu, T., & Afifi, T. O. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3476 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

A Behavioral-Analytic Model for Assessing Stress in Firefighters

Schuhmann, B. B., Henderson, S. N., Black, R. A., Hasselt, V. B. V., Klimley, K. E., Masias, E. V., & LeDuc, T. J. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445520986137 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Examining the Psychophysiological Efficacy of CBT Treatment for First Responders Diagnosed With PTSD: An Understudied Topic

Papazoglou, K. O. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017729407 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

“The problem hasn't changed, but you're no longer left to deal with it on your own” – the role of informal peer support in helping firefighters cope with critical incidents

Dangermond, K., Weewer, R., Duyndam, J., & Machielse, A. (2022) · International Journal of Emergency Services · doi:10.1108/ijes-02-2021-0007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Suicidal behaviors among American Indian/Alaska Native firefighters: Evidence for the role of painful and provocative events

Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Gallyer, A. J., Gray, J. S., & Joiner, T. E. (2019) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461519847812 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

An Analysis of Intrusive Morbid Imagery in Rorschach Responses

Hwang, C. U., Kim, E. Y., Lee, H. J., Park, M., Lee, M. S., Kim, T. H., & Kim, J. K. (2023) · Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach · doi:10.1027/1192-5604/a000164 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Longitudinal assessment of psychological distress and its determinants in a sample of firefighters based in Montreal, Canada

Rapisarda, F., Guay, S., Ouellet‐Morin, I., Bond, S., & Geoffrion, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1303063 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Qualitative Assessment of Barriers and Ideal Wellness Programming Among Rural Firefighters

Melton, B. F., Ryan, G., Bigham, L. E., & Pedigo, J. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001594 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Behavioral and Occupational Health in Military Firefighters: An Understudied Population

Moore, B. A., Judkins, J. L., Dyal, M.-A. A., Schlenk, M., Meyer, E. C., Straud, C. L., Mysliwiec, V., Peterson, A. L., & Baker, M. T. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211033515 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Examining Physical and Sexual Abuse Histories as Correlates of Suicide Risk Among Firefighters

Hom, M. A., Matheny, N. L., Stanley, I. H., Rogers, M. L., Cougle, J. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2017) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22230 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Workplace Mental Health Awareness Training

Tan, L., Harvey, S. B., Deady, M., Dobson, M., Donohoe, A., Suk, C. J., Paterson, H. M., & Bryant, R. A. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002121 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Associations Between Public Service Motivation, Depression and Anxiety Among Firefighters: A Chain Mediation Model of Employee Resilience and Job Satisfaction

Liu, H., Guo, C., & Han, Z. (2023) · Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management · doi:10.1515/jhsem-2023-0002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Mental Health Disorders, Organizational Stigma, and Health Service Utilization Among US Fire Investigators

Testoff, A. C., Pauley, J. L., Brewer, M., Weidlich, C. P., Koru-Sengul, T., Solle, N. S., & Caban-Martinez, A. J. (2024) · Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003173 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Web-Based Mind-Body Tactical Resilience Training Program for First Responders: Pre-Post Study Assessing Feasibility, Acceptability, and Usability

Tan, L., Deady, M., Mead, O., Foright, R. M., Brenneman, E. M., Yeager, J. R., Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, S. B. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/40145 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Among new Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets

Nisbet, J., Jamshidi, L., Maguire, K. Q., Afifi, T. O., Brunet, A., Fletcher, A. J., Asmundson, G. J. G., Sareen, J., Shields, R. E., Andrews, K. L., et al. (2023) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437221149469 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Under fire: Meta‐dehumanization and burnout among first responders

Mika‐Lude, K. M., Degges‐White, S., & Isawi, D. T. (2023) · Journal of Employment Counseling · doi:10.1002/joec.12208 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Comparing the Army's Suicide Rate to the General U.S. Population: Identifying Suitable Characteristics, Data Sources, and Analytic Approaches

Griffin, B. A., Grimm, G., Smart, R., Ramchand, R., Jaycox, L. H., Ayer, L. A., Leidy, E., Davenport, S., Schell, T. L., & Morral, A. R. (2020) · Rand health quarterly · doi:10.7249/rhq-09-02-08 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

A systematic review of the factors that contribute towards mental health in the fire service

Garmon-Jones, L., Hanna, P., & John, M. (2023) · International Journal of Emergency Services · doi:10.1108/ijes-02-2021-0005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Stamp Out Stigma: a national campaign to decrease stigma and increase behavioral health in fire service

Gulliver, S. B., Pennington, M. L., Cardenas, M. N., Lewis, J. E., Cammarata, C. M., Leto, F., Ostiguy, W. J., Meyer, E. C., & Kimbrel, N. A. (2023) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2023.2233695 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The impacts of leadership behaviours on the mental well-being of public safety communicators

Leduc, N. A., Czarnuch, S. M., & Ricciardelli, R. (2023) · International Journal of Emergency Services · doi:10.1108/ijes-04-2023-0012 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Examining distress among Saudi paramedics in responding to traumatic events: A mixed-methods study

Alshamrani, A., Gosling, C. M., Alsofayan, ‏., Khasawneh, E., & Williams, B. A. (2023) · International Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101380 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

High Adversity Resilience Training (HART): Development for emergency responders and defence

Rossouw, J. G., Herlofson, J., Geldenhuys, D. J., & Erieau, C. L. (2024) · Journal of Applied Neurosciences · doi:10.4102/jan.v3i1.8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Fueling the Firefighter and Tactical Athlete with Creatine: A Narrative Review of a Key Nutrient for Public Safety

Gonzalez, D. E., Forbes, S. C., Zapp, A., Jagim, A. R., Luedke, J. A., Dickerson, B. L., Root, A., Gil, A. C., Johnson, S. E., Coles, M. E., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16193285 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Gut Microbiome Alterations, Mental Health, and Alcohol Consumption: Investigating the Gut–Brain Axis in Firefighters

Yoo, J. Y., Sarkar, A., Song, H.-S., Bang, S., Shim, G.-S., Springer, C. M., O’Brien, M. E., Shin, Y., Ju, S., Han, S., et al. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13030680 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Testifying after an Investigation: Shaping the Mental Health of Public Safety Personnel

Ricciardelli, R., Carleton, R. N., Anschuetz, B., Gravel, S. A., & McKay, B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013643 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Promoting Emergency Service Workers’ Resilience: Resources and Coping Strategies

Gerhold, L., Kröling, S., & Sterl, S. (2022) · International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters · doi:10.1177/028072702204000104 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Changes Among Diverse Canadian Public Safety Personnel After the Emotional Resilience Skills Training

Nisbet, J., Maguire, K. Q., Teckchandani, T. A., Shields, R. E., Andrews, K. L., Afifi, T. O., Brunet, A., Keane, T. M., Krätzig, G. P., MacPhee, R. S., et al. (2025) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.13168 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Conceptualizing Suicide Prevention in Firefighters Through the lens of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide: A Narrative Review

Henderson, E. L. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1779152 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Quantifying Cognitive Load in Wayfinding Information Review Using EEG

Wang, Y., Wang, Q., Du, J., & Lin, Y. (2020) · ASCE Construction Research Congress (CRC) · doi:10.1061/9780784482865.063 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts among Canadian Coast Guard and Conservation and Protection Officers

Nisbet, J., Jamshidi, L., Andrews, K. L., Teckchandani, T. A., Price, J. A. B., Ricciardelli, R., Andérson, G. S., & Carleton, R. N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316318 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

From EAP to BHAP: a conceptual framework to develop and implement a comprehensive behavioral health access program within the fire service

ODare, K., Bator, C. G., Butler, L., Orrange, J., Porter, L., Rehbein, M., Dilks, J., Dillard, D. R., King, E. A., Herzog, J., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Emergency Services · doi:10.1108/ijes-11-2021-0078 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Moral Injury: Need and Development of a Measurement Scale for Firefighters

DeMoulin, D., Harris, J. I., McGovern, P. M., Beebe, T. J., Church, T. R., & Kim, H. S. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-023-00305-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Effectiveness of a Mind–Body Intervention at Improving Mental Health and Performance Among Career Firefighters

Santos, A. C., Long, S., Moreno, C. P., & Bycura, D. K. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22081227 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The 2nd Alarm Project: Bridging Social Work and Public Health to Improve Mental Wellness in the Fire Service

ODare, K., Dillard, D., King, E. A., Dilks, J., Herzog, J., Rotunda, R. J., Close, F. T., & Hartman, M. (2024) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2024.2318382 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Alcohol Misuse and Correlates with Mental Health Indicators among Firefighters

Rotunda, R. J., Herzog, J. R., Dillard, D. R., King, E. A., & Wilson, K. O. (2024) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2024.2422975 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Understanding and mitigating hostility towards firefighters: A case study of attacks on a UK fire service

Richardson, C. M. (2025) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105589 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

First Responder Families: Identifying Stressors and Building Support

Garmezy, L. B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38149-2_22 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Understanding what factors affect firefighter use of site-specific risk information

Waring, S., Massey, G., & Kalra, J. (2024) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-024-00764-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Lived experiences and coping strategies among cancer patients in the Volta Region of Ghana: A health facility-based qualitative study

Bonsra, E. A., Morrison, L. K., Anderson, H. O., Ananga, M. K., & Amu, H. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000310 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Unique Job Roles and Mental Health Risk Factors Among Emergency Dispatchers

Gardett, I., Trefts, E., OLOLA, C. H. O., & Scott, G. (2019) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9803-9.ch004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

"A sight you'll never forget". Why firefighters experience certain incidents as critical and the impact of such incidents on individual firefighters and fire crews

Machielse, A., Dangermond, K., Duyndam, J., & Weewer, R. (2022) · International Journal of Emergency Management · doi:10.1504/ijem.2022.10050197 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Firefighters’ perspectives on critical incident stress debriefing as a post-critical incident intervention

Sarabia, J., Rojas, F. A., & Kieninger, K. (2025) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-08-2024-0160 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Leading Through the Fire and Beyond: A Competency Model for Platoon Leaders in Fire Services

Fischer, L., Röseler, S., Bunk-Werner, J., & Thielsch, M. T. (2025) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Science · doi:10.1007/s13753-025-00680-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Serving the Responders Growth

Russell, E. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47229-4_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Servant Leadership for Building the Community of Responders

Russell, E. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47229-4_10 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Swimming Upstream

Garmezy, L. B. (2019) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9803-9.ch002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Suicide Plans Involving a Firearm and Levels of Suicidal Intent Among Firefighters

Robison, M., Rice, T. B., Hom, M. A., Chu, C., Anestis, M. D., Joiner, T. E., & Stanley, I. H. (2025) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000994 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Servant Leadership for Building the Community of Responders

Russell, E. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12493-9_12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Serving the Responder’s Growth

Russell, E. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12493-9_9

Toward an understanding of suicidal ideation among career firefighters

Henderson, E. L. (2020) · doi:10.17760/d20356164

Mental Health of Retired First Responders

Pepper, J. S., & Cnapich, E. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38149-2_18

Motivational Interviewing in Clinical Work with First Responders

Eickleberry, L. L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38149-2_16

Barriers to mental health help-seeking among firefighters: a scoping review

Salmani, I., MacDermid, J. C., & Farzad, M. (2026) · FACETS · doi:10.1139/facets-2025-0362

Providing Psychological Services to Firefighters

Vujanovic, A. A., & Tran, J. K. (2021) · Journal of Health Service Psychology · doi:10.1007/s42843-021-00041-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

An epidemiologic study of suicide among firefighters: Findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2003 - 2017

Pennington, M. L., Ylitalo, K. R., Lanning, B. A., Dolan, S. L., & Gulliver, S. B. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113594 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Suicide in the Fire Service and the Role of Psychological Autopsies for Prevention

Wheldon, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02126-7_9

Conceptualizing Suicide Prevention in Firefighters Through the lens of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide: A Narrative Review

Henderson, E. L. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1779152 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Enhancing mental health treatment for the firefighter population: Understanding fire culture, treatment barriers, practice implications, and research directions.

Johnson, C. C., Vega, L., Kohalmi, A. L., Roth, J., Howell, B., & Hasselt, V. B. V. (2019) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000266 · Cited by 86 · see citing works