Assessing the utility of the willingness/prototype model in predicting help-seeking decisions.
Abstract
Prior research on professional psychological help-seeking behavior has operated on the assumption that the decision to seek help is based on intentional and reasoned processes. However, research on the dual-process prototype/willingness model (PWM; Gerrard, Gibbons, Houlihan, Stock, & Pomery, 2008) suggests health-related decisions may also involve social reaction processes that influence one's spontaneous willingness (rather than planned intention) to seek help, given conducive circumstances. The present study used structural equation modeling to evaluate the ability of these 2 information-processing pathways (i.e., the reasoned pathway and the social reaction pathway) to predict help-seeking decisions among 182 college students currently experiencing clinical levels of psychological distress. Results indicated that when both pathways were modeled simultaneously, only the social reaction pathway independently accounted for significant variance in help-seeking decisions. These findings argue for the utility of the PWM framework in the context of professional psychological help seeking and hold implications for future counseling psychology research, prevention, and practice.
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- Authors
- Hammer, J. H., & Vogel, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-97
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2081297963
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Keywords
- help-seeking, dual-process models, psychological distress, university students, professional psychological help
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Mental Disorders, Counseling, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Students, Midwestern United States, Health Behavior, Intention, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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