Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in young children exposed to intimate partner violence: Examining intervening processes
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Children's emotion dysregulation, children's appraisals, maternal psychological functioning, and harsh discipline were investigated as potential mediators in the putative link between exposure to intimate partner violence and poor child outcomes. Participants included 132 children ages 6-8 and their mothers who had been enrolled in a longitudinal study of parenting and children's social development. The mothers were receiving some form of government-based economic assistance or other social services, and were currently involved in a romantic relationship. Results of structural equation modeling indicated children's emotion dysregulation mediated the links between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and both internalizing and externalizing problems. Harsh discipline mediated the link between exposure to IPV and externalizing, but not internalizing, symptoms. Child appraisals and maternal psychological functioning mediated the link between exposure to IPV and internalizing, but not externalizing, symptoms.
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One US study based on a small sample of low income families found that parental use of harsh discipline mediated the link between exposure to DV and children's externalising, but not internalising, symptoms.
“For example, one US study based on a small sample of low income families used structural equation modelling to determine causal pathways and found that parental use of harsh discipline, among other factors, mediated the link between exposure to DV and children's externalising, but not internalising, symptoms (Zarling et al., 2013).”
From Risk and protective factors for children's psychopathology in the context of domestic violence – A study using nationally representative longitudinal survey data (2023) · cites this paper as Zarling et al., 2013
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Bates, E. A., & Papamichail, A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780197564028.003.0002
Kinder und Jugendliche im Kontext häuslicher Gewalt – Risiken und Folgen
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Lewis, N. V., Gregory, A. C., Feder, G. S., Angill-Williams, A., Bates, S., Glynn, J., Halliwell, G., Hawcroft, C., Kessler, D., Lawton, M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23621433
Lewis, N. V., Gregory, A. C., Feder, G. S., Angill-Williams, A., Bates, S., Glynn, J., Halliwell, G., Hawcroft, C., Kessler, D., Lawton, M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23621439
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Zolinski, S., & Pittman, L. D. (2026) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-026-01118-w
- Authors
- Zarling, A. L., Taber-Thomas, S., Murray, A., Knuston, J. F., Lawrence, E., Valles, N.-L., DeGarmo, D. S., & Bank, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Oregon Social Learning Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Family Psychology
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 945-955
- ISSN
- 0893-3200 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1293
- PMC
- PMC5308783
- OpenAlex
- W2049513228
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Family Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD-46789)
- Sponsor name not included (P50 DA035763, F31MH090635-02)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, children exposed to domestic violence, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, emotional dysregulation, harsh discipline, mediation, young children, parenting
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Behavioral Symptoms, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers, Spouse Abuse, Parenting
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