The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differentiating emotions across contexts: Comparing adults with and without social anxiety disorder using random, social interaction, and daily experience sampling.
Open accessAbstract
The ability to recognize and label emotional experiences has been associated with well-being and adaptive functioning. This skill is particularly important in social situations, as emotions provide information about the state of relationships and help guide interpersonal decisions, such as whether to disclose personal information. Given the interpersonal difficulties linked to social anxiety disorder (SAD), deficient negative emotion differentiation may contribute to impairment in this population. We hypothesized that people with SAD would exhibit less negative emotion differentiation in daily life, and these differences would translate to impairment in social functioning. We recruited 43 people diagnosed with generalized SAD and 43 healthy adults to describe the emotions they experienced over 14 days. Participants received palmtop computers for responding to random prompts and describing naturalistic social interactions; to complete end-of-day diary entries, they used a secure online website. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to capture the degree of differentiation of negative and positive emotions for each context (random moments, face-to-face social interactions, and end-of-day reflections). Compared to healthy controls, the SAD group exhibited less negative (but not positive) emotion differentiation during random prompts, social interactions, and (at trend level) end-of-day assessments. These differences could not be explained by emotion intensity or variability over the 14 days, or to comorbid depression or anxiety disorders. Our findings suggest that people with generalized SAD have deficits in clarifying specific negative emotions felt at a given point of time. These deficits may contribute to difficulties with effective emotion regulation and healthy social relationship functioning.
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“Kashdan and Farmer [19] demonstrated that an increase in SA symptoms is linked to an impairment in negative emotion differentiation”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
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“A total of 4% (3/70) of the studies examined emotion differentiation in individuals with SAD [19,37,48].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
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Dryman, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.004 · Cited by 554
Kashdan, T. B., Barrett, L. F., & McKnight, P. E. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414550708 · Cited by 463
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Nook, E. C., Sasse, S. F., Lambert, H. K., McLaughlin, K. A., & Somerville, L. H. (2018) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797618773357 · Cited by 160
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kashdan, T. B., & Farmer, A. S.
- Affiliations
- George Mason University (US)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 629-638
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- PMC
- PMC4191833
- OpenAlex
- W1976356856
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 10.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21-MH073937)
- George Mason University
- National Institute of Drug Abuse (F31-DA029390)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, emotion differentiation, negative emotions, positive emotions, emotion regulation, social interaction, emotion labeling, interpersonal functioning, generalized anxiety disorder
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Models, Psychological, Social Adjustment, Self Report
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