Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model.

Schlenker, Barry R.; Leary, Mark R.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641

Cited by 1,590Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesEducation, Achievement, and GiftednessPersonality Traits and Psychology

Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model.

Schlenker, Barry R., Leary, Mark R.·1982·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641

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Abstract

This article presents a self-presentation approach to the study of social anxiety that proposes that social anxiety arises when people are motivated to make a preferred impression on real or imagined audiences but doubt they will do so, and thus perceive or imagine unsatisfactory evaluative reactions from subjectively important audiences. We presume that specific situational and dispositional antecedents of social anxiety operate by influencing people's motivation to impress others and their expectations of satisfactorily doing so. In contrast to drive models of anxiety but consistent with social learning theory, it is argued that the cognitive state of the individual mediates both affective arousal and behavior. The traditional inverted-U relation between anxiety and performance is reexamined in this light. Implications of the approach for counseling situations are considered, especially the recommendation that treatments be tailored to the specific type of self-presentational problem encountered by clients.

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Interactions that result in conflict can often be traced to verbal and nonverbal cues that a participant interprets or misinterprets as distrust, disrespect, or anger.
“Interactions that result in conflict can often be traced to verbal and nonverbal cues that a participant interprets (or misinterprets) as distrust, disrespect, or anger”
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Authors: Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
ORCID: Leary, Mark R.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1982-11
Volume: 92
Issue: 3
Pages: 641-669
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641
OpenAlex: W2012577121
Cited by: 1,590
References: 1
Citations by year: 2026: 68 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 42
FWCI: 13.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: social anxiety, self-presentation, impression management, audience evaluation, anxiety-performance relationship, social learning theory, anxiety treatment, counseling
MeSH terms: Anxiety, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Models, Psychological, Self Concept, Social Perception

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Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model.

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