Cited by 740Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

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Development of the Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0

Gearhardt, Ashley N., Corbin, William R., Brownell, Kelly D.·2016·Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Abstract

Parallels in biological, psychological, and behavioral systems have led to the hypothesis that an addictive process may contribute to problematic eating. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was developed to provide a validated measure of addictive-like eating behavior based upon the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence. Recently, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) was released, which included significant changes to the substance-related and addictive disorders (SRAD) section. In the current study, the YFAS 2.0 was developed to maintain consistency with the current diagnostic understanding of addiction and to improve the psychometric properties of the original YFAS. In a sample of 550 participants, 14.6% met criteria for food addiction. The YFAS 2.0 demonstrated good internal consistency, as well as convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Elevated scores on the YFAS 2.0 were associated with higher rates of obesity and more severe pathological eating (e.g., binge eating). The YFAS 2.0 also appeared to capture a related, but unique construct relative to traditional eating disorders. In a separate sample of 209 participants, the YFAS and YFAS 2.0 were directly compared. Both versions of the YFAS were similarly associated with elevated body mass index, binge eating, and weight cycling. However, exceeding the food addiction threshold was more strongly associated with obesity for the YFAS 2.0 than the original YFAS. Thus, the YFAS 2.0 appears to by a psychometrically sound measure that reflects the current diagnostic understanding of addiction to further investigate the potential role of an addictive process in problematic eating behavior.

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Retracted: The associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and addiction‐like eating: A study on university students in six Asian countries/regions
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Retracted
Binge size and loss of control as correlates of eating behavior and psychopathology among individuals with binge eating disorder and higher weight
Bruzas, M. B., Tronieri, J. S., Chao, A. M., Jones, E. D., McAllister, C., Gruber, K. A., McCuen‐Wurst, C., Berkowitz, R. I., Wadden, T. A., & Allison, K. C. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-022-00312-7 · Cited by 15
The Concept of Food Addiction: a Review of the Current Evidence
Naish, K. R., MacKillop, J. M., & Balodis, I. M. (2018) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-018-0169-2 · Cited by 14
Decreased excitability of leptin-sensitive anterior insula pyramidal neurons in a rat model of compulsive food demand
Kirson, D., Bagsic, S. R. S., Murphy, J., Chang, H., Vlkolinský, R., Pucci, S. N., Prinzi, J., Williams, C. A., Fang, S. Y., Roberto, M., et al. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108980 · Cited by 17
Food addiction symptoms are related to neuroaffective responses to preferred binge food and erotic cues
Delgado-Rodríguez, R., Versace, F., Hernández-Rivero, I., Guerra, P. M., Fernández‐Santaella, M. C., & Miccoli, L. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105687 · Cited by 14
Examining the efficacy of a telehealth intervention targeting addictive eating in Australian adults (the TRACE Programme): a randomised controlled trial protocol
Skinner, J. A., Whatnall, M. C., Leary, M., Collins, R. A., Pursey, K., Verdejo‐García, A., Hay, P., Baker, A., Hides, L. M., Paxton, S. J., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064151 · Cited by 14
Correlates of Food Addiction and Eating Behaviours in Patients with Morbid Obesity
Schankweiler, P., Raddatz, D., Ellrott, T., & Hauck, C. (2023) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000531528 · Cited by 14
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Microviridae bacteriophages influence behavioural hallmarks of food addiction via tryptophan and tyrosine signalling pathways
Castells‐Nobau, A., Puig, I., Motger‐Albertí, A., de la Vega-Correa, L., Rosell-Díaz, M., Arnoriaga‐Rodríguez, M., Escrichs, A., Garre‐Olmo, J., Puig, J., Ramos, R., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01157-x · Cited by 19
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Loss of control as a transdiagnostic feature in obesity‐related eating behaviours: A systematic review
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Structural equation modeling of adverse childhood experiences, ultra-processed food intake, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, ultra-processed food addiction, and eating disorder among adults seeking nutrition counseling in Los Angeles, CA
Wiss, D. A., & LaFata, E. M. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107938 · Cited by 14
Associations of maternal food addiction, dietary restraint, and pre-pregnancy BMI with infant eating behaviors and risk for overweight
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An integrative model as a step toward increasing the awareness of eating disorders in the general population
Vasiliu, O. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1184932 · Cited by 20
A three-arm randomised controlled trial of a telehealth intervention targeting improvement in addictive eating for Australian adults (the TRACE program)
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Authors: Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Arizona State University (US)
Duke University (US)
ORCID: Gearhardt, Ashley N.
Corbin, William R.
Venue: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2016-02
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 113-121
ISSN: 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
1939-1501
DOI: 10.1037/adb0000136
OpenAlex: W2394736626
Cited by: 740
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 12
FWCI: 68.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: Yale Food Addiction Scale, food addiction, problematic eating, scale development, psychometric validation, obesity, binge eating, weight cycling, eating disorders
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Behavior, Addictive, Young Adult

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