Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale
Abstract
Previous research has found similarities between addiction to psychoactive substances and excessive food consumption. Further exploration is needed to evaluate the concept of "food addiction," as there is currently a lack of psychometrically validated measurement tools in this area. The current study represents a preliminary exploration of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), designed to identify those exhibiting signs of addiction towards certain types of foods (e.g., high fat and high sugar). Survey data were collected from 353 respondents from a stratified random sample of young adults. In addition to the YFAS, the survey assessed eating pathology, alcohol consumption and other health behaviors. The YFAS exhibited adequate internal reliability, and showed good convergent validity with measures of similar constructs and good discriminant validity relative to related but dissimilar constructs. Additionally, the YFAS predicted binge-eating behavior above and beyond existing measures of eating pathology, demonstrating incremental validity. The YFAS is a sound tool for identifying eating patterns that are similar to behaviors seen in classic areas of addiction. Further evaluation of the scale is needed, especially due to a low response rate of 24.5% and a non-clinical sample, but confirmation of the reliability and validity of the scale has the potential to facilitate empirical research on the concept of "food addiction".
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With the validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) in 2009 and the updated YFAS 2.0 in 2016, FA in humans has been operationalized across hundreds of studies.
“With the validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) in 2009 [42] and the updated YFAS 2.0 in 2016 [43], FA in humans has been operationalized across hundreds of studies.”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
The YFAS has displayed a good internal reliability α = 0.86.
“The YFAS has displayed a good internal reliability α = 0.86 61.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [61]
The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was created in 2009 to match DSM-IV Substance Abuse criteria and has been validated as a tool for identifying eating patterns resembling alcohol and drug addictions.
“The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was created in 2009 to match criteria for Substance Abuse in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and has been validated as a tool for identifying eating patterns which resemble alcohol and drug addictions [1].”
From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gearhardt, Ashley N.
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 430-436
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115771625
- Cited by
- 1,369
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 157 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 12.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- Yale Food Addiction Scale, food addiction, scale validation, psychometric properties, binge eating, eating pathology, alcohol consumption, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Bulimia, Connecticut, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Emotions, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Sucrose, Universities, Reproducibility of Results, Behavior, Addictive, Young Adult
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