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Development of the Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0
Abstract
Parallels in biological, psychological, and behavioral systems have led to the hypothesis that an addictive process may contribute to problematic eating. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was developed to provide a validated measure of addictive-like eating behavior based upon the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence. Recently, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) was released, which included significant changes to the substance-related and addictive disorders (SRAD) section. In the current study, the YFAS 2.0 was developed to maintain consistency with the current diagnostic understanding of addiction and to improve the psychometric properties of the original YFAS. In a sample of 550 participants, 14.6% met criteria for food addiction. The YFAS 2.0 demonstrated good internal consistency, as well as convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Elevated scores on the YFAS 2.0 were associated with higher rates of obesity and more severe pathological eating (e.g., binge eating). The YFAS 2.0 also appeared to capture a related, but unique construct relative to traditional eating disorders. In a separate sample of 209 participants, the YFAS and YFAS 2.0 were directly compared. Both versions of the YFAS were similarly associated with elevated body mass index, binge eating, and weight cycling. However, exceeding the food addiction threshold was more strongly associated with obesity for the YFAS 2.0 than the original YFAS. Thus, the YFAS 2.0 appears to by a psychometrically sound measure that reflects the current diagnostic understanding of addiction to further investigate the potential role of an addictive process in problematic eating behavior.
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“With the validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) in 2009 [42] and the updated YFAS 2.0 in 2016 [43], FA in humans has been operationalized across hundreds of studies.”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“The YFAS 2.0 (released 2016) reflects updated criteria in the DSM-5 [2].”
From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-121
- ISSN
- 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1501
- OpenAlex
- W2394736626
- Cited by
- 740
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 68.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- Yale Food Addiction Scale, food addiction, problematic eating, scale development, psychometric validation, obesity, binge eating, weight cycling, eating disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Behavior, Addictive, Young Adult
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