Neural correlates of food addiction
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Research has implicated an addictive process in the development and maintenance of obesity. Although parallels in neural functioning between obesity and substance dependence have been found, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the neural correlates of addictive-like eating behavior. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that elevated "food addiction" scores are associated with similar patterns of neural activation as substance dependence. DESIGN: Between-subjects functional magnetic resonance imaging study. SETTING: A university neuroimaging center. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight healthy young women ranging from lean to obese recruited for a healthy weight maintenance trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The relation between elevated food addiction scores and blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in response to receipt and anticipated receipt of palatable food (chocolate milkshake). RESULTS: Food addiction scores (N = 39) correlated with greater activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala in response to anticipated receipt of food (P < .05, false discovery rate corrected for multiple comparisons in small volumes). Participants with higher (n = 15) vs lower (n = 11) food addiction scores showed greater activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the caudate in response to anticipated receipt of food but less activation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in response to receipt of food (false discovery rate-corrected P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Similar patterns of neural activation are implicated in addictive-like eating behavior and substance dependence: elevated activation in reward circuitry in response to food cues and reduced activation of inhibitory regions in response to food intake.
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Social media and food cues activate the same brain regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, anterior cingulate, striatum, and medial frontal cortex.
“Social media and food cues have been shown to activate the same brain regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, the amygdala, anterior cingulate, striatum, and medial frontal cortex (Dagher, 2009; Gearhardt et al., 2011).”
From Common Predictive Factors of Social Media Addiction and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students: State Anxiety and the Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility/Sustained Attention (2022) · cites this paper as Gearhardt et al., 2011
The Abstract’s Results report activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala in response to anticipated food receipt; the Discussion also discusses food-cue responses. The supplied passages give no finding about social media cues, so they do not establish that social media and food cues activate the same regions. Page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecent studies using BOLD fMRI have shown selective overactivity in the nucleus accumbens and related brain areas in subjects who scored high on a measure of food addiction.
“and in subjects who scored high on a measure of food addiction (39).”
From Effects of dietary glycemic index on brain regions related to reward and craving in men (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Gearhardt, A. N.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gearhardt, Ashley N.
- ORCID
- Gearhardt, Ashley N.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-08-01
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 808
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3980851
- OpenAlex
- W2114683421
- Cited by
- 707
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 59.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R1MH64560A, R01MH064560)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK080760)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- food addiction, obesity, substance dependence, neural correlates, reward systems, anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, young women
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Obesity, Photic Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Body Mass Index, Behavior, Addictive, Young Adult
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