Cited by 129COVID-19 and Mental HealthResilience and Mental HealthStudent Stress and Coping

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Psychological resilience early in the COVID-19 pandemic: Stressors, resources, and coping strategies in a national sample of Americans.

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Park, Crystal L., Finkelstein-Fox, Lucy, Russell, Beth S., Fendrich, Michael, Hutchison, Morica, Becker, Jessica·2021·American Psychologist

DOI 10.1037/amp0000813PMC PMC8595499

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Abstract

Spreading rapidly across the United States beginning in the spring of 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic radically disrupted Americans' lives. Previous studies of community-wide disasters suggested people are fairly resilient and identified resources and strategies that promote that resilience. Yet, the COVID-19 pandemic is in some ways unique, with high levels of uncertainty, evolving implications and restrictions, and varied and uneven impacts. How resilient were Americans as the pandemic progressed? What psychosocial resources and coping strategies facilitated adjustment as the country moved into a summer of uneven reopenings and reclosures? Data from a national sample of 674 Americans were gathered at the height of early lockdowns and peaking infections in mid-April, 2020, and again, 5 and 10 weeks later. The study aimed to determine levels and sources of distress and to identify the resources and coping efforts that promoted or impeded resilience. Early levels of distress diminished to some extent over subsequent months while levels of wellbeing were comparable with usual norms, suggesting a largely resilient response. COVID-19-related stress exposure also decreased gradually over time. Older age, higher levels of mindfulness and social support, and meaning focused coping predicted better adjustment, reflecting resilience, while avoidance coping was particularly unhelpful. In models predicting change over time, approach-oriented coping (i.e., active coping, meaning-focused coping, and seeking social support) was minimally predictive of subsequent adjustment. Given the unique and ongoing circumstances presented by COVID-19, specific interventions targeting psychosocial resources and coping identified here may help to promote resilience as the pandemic continues to unfold. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

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Authors: Park, C. L., Finkelstein-Fox, L., Russell, B. S., Fendrich, M., Hutchison, M., & Becker, J.
Affiliations: University of Connecticut (US)
ORCID: Park, Crystal L.
Finkelstein-Fox, Lucy
Russell, Beth S.
Fendrich, Michael
Hutchison, Morica
Becker, Jessica
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2021-07
Volume: 76
Issue: 5
Pages: 715-728
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000813
PMC: PMC8595499
OpenAlex: W3163953615
Cited by: 127
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 4
FWCI: 14.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 337 d)
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (1R34AA027455)
University of Connecticut
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
Keywords: psychological resilience, COVID-19 pandemic, stressors, coping strategies, psychosocial resources, mindfulness, social support, meaning-focused coping, avoidance coping, approach-oriented coping, psychological distress, well-being, lockdown, older adults
MeSH terms: COVID-19, Adaptation, Psychological, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Social Support, United States, Resilience, Psychological, Pandemics, Mindfulness

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Psychological resilience early in the COVID-19 pandemic: Stressors, resources, and coping strategies in a national sample of Americans.

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