Cited by 241Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPersonality Traits and PsychologyMental Health Research Topics

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Is low positive emotionality a specific risk factor for depression? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

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Khazanov, Gabriela Kattan, Ruscio, Ayelet Meron·2016·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/bul0000059PMC PMC5110375

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Abstract

Depression is well known to share a negative cross-sectional relationship with personality constructs defined by positive emotion (positive affect, extraversion, behavioral activation). These Positive Emotionality (PE) constructs have been proposed to represent stable temperamental risk factors for depression, not merely current mood state. These constructs have also been proposed to increase risk specifically for depression, relative to anxiety. We performed a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to examine the relationship of PE to depression (59 effect sizes) and anxiety (26 effect sizes). In cross-sectional analyses, PE constructs were negatively associated with depression (r = -.34) and anxiety (r = -.24). PE constructs also prospectively predicted depression (r = -.26) and anxiety (r = -.19). These relationships remained statistically significant, but were markedly attenuated, when baseline levels of depression (β = -.08) and anxiety (β = -.06) were controlled. Moreover, depression and anxiety were equally strong predictors of subsequent changes in PE (β = -.07 and -.09, respectively). These findings are consistent with theoretical accounts of low PE as a temperamental vulnerability for depression, but suggest that the prospective relationship of PE to depression may be weaker and less specific than previously assumed. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Authors: Khazanov, G. K., & Ruscio, A. M.
ORCID: Khazanov, Gabriela Kattan
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2016-09
Volume: 142
Issue: 9
Pages: 991-1015
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000059
PMC: PMC5110375
OpenAlex: W2473686504
Cited by: 240
References: 179
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 1.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: other-oa
www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/open-access.aspx (am, 316 d)
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH094425)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: positive affectivity, depression, anxiety, positive affect, extraversion, behavioral activation, prospective prediction
MeSH terms: Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Emotions, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Personality, Risk Factors, Temperament

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Is low positive emotionality a specific risk factor for depression? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

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