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Cited by 176Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesImpact of Technology on Adolescents

The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness: A meta-analysis of normative influence on adolescent smoking initiation and continuation.

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Liu, Jiaying, Zhao, Siman, Chen, Xi, Falk, Emily, Albarracín, Dolores·2017·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/bul0000113PMC PMC5789806
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Abstract

Although the influence of peers on adolescent smoking should vary depending on social dynamics, there is a lack of understanding of which elements are most crucial and how this dynamic unfolds for smoking initiation and continuation across areas of the world. The present meta-analysis included 75 studies yielding 237 effect sizes that examined associations between peers' smoking and adolescents' smoking initiation and continuation with longitudinal designs across 16 countries. Mixed-effects models with robust variance estimates were used to calculate weighted-mean Odds ratios. This work showed that having peers who smoke is associated with about twice the odds of adolescents beginning (OR ¯ = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.76, 2.19]) and continuing to smoke (OR ¯ = 1.78, 95% CI [1.55, 2.05]). Moderator analyses revealed that (a) smoking initiation was more positively correlated with peers' smoking when the interpersonal closeness between adolescents and their peers was higher (vs. lower); and (b) both smoking initiation and continuation were more positively correlated with peers' smoking when samples were from collectivistic (vs. individualistic) cultures. Thus, both individual as well as population level dynamics play a critical role in the strength of peer influence. Accounting for cultural variables may be especially important given effects on both initiation and continuation. Implications for theory, research, and antismoking intervention strategies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

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  • Peer influence has strong associations with both smoking initiation and continuation and food intake across various age groups, especially among adolescents and young adults.

    “Peer influence significantly has strong associations with both smoking initiation and continuation and food intake across various age groups, especially among adolescents and young adults.”

    From Smoking and its impact on eating behavior: A review (2026) · cites this paper as [25]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports significant associations between peer smoking and both smoking initiation and continuation among adolescents. The Results describe samples with a mean age of approximately 14–15 years. The cited paper does not establish the claim about food intake or extend its findings across various age groups, including young adults. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In collectivistic cultures, individuals are more likely to adopt smoking and food intake patterns prevalent within their peer groups.

    “Previous studies in the literature also indicates that peer behavior is especially noticed in collectivistic cultures and in such societies, individuals are more likely to adopt smoking and food intake pattern that are prevalent within their peer groups [25, 26].”

    From Smoking and its impact on eating behavior: A review (2026) · cites this paper as [25]

    The Results (Moderator Analyses; page not provided) find that collectivism strengthens the association between peer smoking and adolescents’ smoking initiation and continuation. The cited paper does not establish the claim about food intake patterns, and its findings concern adolescents rather than individuals generally. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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200 of 211 shown

Authors
Liu, J., Zhao, S., Chen, X., Falk, E., & Albarracín, D.
Affiliations
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2017-10
Volume
143
Issue
10
Pages
1082-1115
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/bul0000113
PMC
PMC5789806
OpenAlex
W2743312970
Cited by
176
References
224
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5
FWCI
1.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (R01MH094241, 1DP2DA03515601)
  • Army Research Laboratory (W911NF-10-2–0022)
  • DARPA (YFAD14AP00048)
  • Hope Lab
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Keywords
peer influence, adolescent smoking, smoking initiation, peer smoking, relationship closeness, social proximity, collectivist culture, individualistic culture, normative influence, cross-cultural comparison
MeSH terms
Peer Influence, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Humans, Smoking

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