Neural responses to exclusion predict susceptibility to social influence.
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: Social influence is prominent across the lifespan, but sensitivity to influence is especially high during adolescence and is often associated with increased risk taking. Such risk taking can have dire consequences. For example, in American adolescents, traffic-related crashes are leading causes of nonfatal injury and death. Neural measures may be especially useful in understanding the basic mechanisms of adolescents' vulnerability to peer influence. METHODS: We examined neural responses to social exclusion as potential predictors of risk taking in the presence of peers in recently licensed adolescent drivers. Risk taking was assessed in a driving simulator session occurring approximately 1 week after the neuroimaging session. RESULTS: Increased activity in neural systems associated with the distress of social exclusion and mentalizing during an exclusion episode predicted increased risk taking in the presence of a peer (controlling for solo risk behavior) during a driving simulator session outside the neuroimaging laboratory 1 week later. These neural measures predicted risky driving behavior above and beyond self-reports of susceptibility to peer pressure and distress during exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: These results address the neural bases of social influence and risk taking; contribute to our understanding of social and emotional function in the adolescent brain; and link neural activity in specific, hypothesized, regions to risk-relevant outcomes beyond the neuroimaging laboratory. Results of this investigation are discussed in terms of the mechanisms underlying risk taking in adolescents and the public health implications for adolescent driving.
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A desire to fit in and avoid social rejection may make adolescents particularly vulnerable to risky behaviors in the presence of peers.
“A desire to fit in and avoid social rejection may make adolescents particularly vulnerable to risky behaviors in the presence of peers (Falk et al., 2014), with risk-taking acting as a way to establish social position.”
From Buffering social influence: neural correlates of response inhibition predict driving safety in the presence of a peer (2015) · cites this paper as Falk et al., 2014
Among males aged 16-17, peer context (peer presence vs. absence) and neural response to social exclusion in social-affective networks had an interactive effect on subsequent risk-taking behavior.
“Similarly, among males aged 16–17, peer context (peer presence vs. absence) and neural response to social exclusion in social-affective networks (e.g., social pain: AI, dACC, subACC, and mentalizing: dmPFC, TPJ, PCC) had an interactive effect on subsequent risk-taking behavior (Falk et al., 2014).”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Falk et al., 2014
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BackgroundInfluentialCascio, C. N., Carp, J., O'Donnell, M. B., Tinney, F. J., Bingham, C. R., Shope, J. T., Ouimet, M. C., Pradhan, A. K., Simons-Morton, B. G., & Falk, E. B. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00693 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Falk, E. B., Cascio, C. N., Brook O'Donnell, M., Carp, J., Tinney, F. J., Bingham, C. R., Shope, J. T., Ouimet, M. C., Pradhan, A. K., & Simons-Morton, B. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Falk, Emily B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- S22-S31
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4144831
- OpenAlex
- W2149015899
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 6.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
- National Institutes of Health
- Society for Personality and Social Psychology
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD073549, ZIAHD002110, Z01HD001707, HHSN275201000007C)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- social exclusion, social influence, peer influence, risk-taking, adolescents, adolescent driving, risky driving behavior, mentalization, neural correlates, driving simulator, peer pressure, adolescent brain development
- MeSH terms
- Accident Prevention, Accidents, Traffic, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Automobile Driving, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Risk-Taking, Social Behavior, United States, Wounds and Injuries, Risk Assessment
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