Cited by 309Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

A comparative test of the status envy, social power, and secondary reinforcement theories of identificatory learning.

Bandura, Albert, Ross, Dorothea, Ross, Sheila A.·1963·The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

Abstract

According to the status envy theory of identification recently proposed by J. W. M. Whiting, where a child competes unsuccessfully with an adult for affection, attention, food, and care, the child will envy the consumer adult and consequently identify with him. Whiting's theory represents an extension of the Freudian defensive identification hypothesis that identificatory behavior is the outcome of rivalrous interaction between the child and the parent who occupies an envied consumer status. In accordance with the social power theory of identification, but contrasting with the status envy hypothesis, one would predict that children will reproduce more of the behavior of the adult who controls positive reinforcers, and that power inversions on the part of the male and female models will produce cross-sex imitation. The secondary reinforcement theory of identification, which has been alluded to in the discussion of social power through attractiveness, has been elaborated in greatest detail by O. H. Mowrer.

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Crossref · 10.1037/h0046546

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  • A classic psychology study showed that children tend to adopt the incidental behaviors of adults in control.

    “A classic psychology study (Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1963) showed that children tend to adopt the incidental behaviors of adults in control.”

    From Implications of an Emerging Integration of Universal and Culturally Specific Psychologies (2006) · cites this paper as Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1963

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Authors
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A.
Affiliations
Stanford University (US)
Venue
The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
Published
1963-12
Volume
67
Issue
6
Pages
527-534
ISSN
0096-851X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1989302046
Cited by
309
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
12.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
identification, parental love, positive reinforcement, power inversion, attractiveness, whiting
MeSH terms
Child, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Learning, Psychology, Social, Reinforcement, Psychology

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