Cited by 1,378Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesMental Health Treatment and AccessGambling Behavior and Treatments

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The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization.

Kessler, Ronald C., Nelson, Christopher B., McGonagle, Katherine A., Edlund, Mark J., Frank, Richard G., Leaf, Philip J.·1996·American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

DOI 10.1037/h0080151

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Abstract

General population data from the National Comorbidity Survey are presented on co-occurring DSM-III-R addictive and mental disorders. Co-occurrence is highly prevalent in the general population and usually due to the association of a primary mental disorder with a secondary addictive disorder. It is associated with a significantly increased probability of treatment, although the finding that fewer than half of cases with 12-month co-occurrence received any treatment in the year prior to interview suggests the need for greater outreach efforts.

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Rodríguez, D. T. G., Herrera, M. G., & Londoño, S. P. G. (2013) · Psychologia · doi:10.21500/19002386.1193 · Cited by 6
“…de la OMS (2005) los cuales evidencian la linealidad entre el consumo de alcohol y la depresión (Kessler Christopher, McGonagle, Edlung, Richard, & Philip, 1996; Myers et ál., 1984; Robins et ál., 1984; Rounsaville, Weissman, Kleber, & Charles, 1982; Roy, DeJong, Lamparski, Ted, & Linnoila, 1991).”
Background
On the Declining Health Status of Welfare Caseloads: Emerging Dilemmas for Serving the Poor
Schmidt, L. A., Zabkiewicz, D., Henderson, S., Jacobs, L. M., & Wiley, J. A. (2011) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371910903179001 · Cited by 6
“In mental health and substance abuse circles, there has been growing attention to the high prevalence of cooccurring conditions and much careful study of how providers can resolve the dilemmas that arise, such as the lack of insurance coverage, the lack of treatment supply, fragmentation in the organization and delive…”
Background
ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Substance Use Disorder, and Nonprescription Stimulant Use
Brook, J. S., Balka, E. B., Zhang, C., & Brook, D. W. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714528535 · Cited by 7
“At T5 and T6, SUD (dependence or abuse) was assessed by use of the University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UM-CIDI) SUD measure (Kessler et al., 1996).”
Method
A Comparison Between Patients Diagnosed With Bipolar Disorder With Versus Without Comorbid Substance Abuse
Gummattira, P., Cowan, K. A., Averill, K., Malkina, S., Reilly, E. L., Krajewski, K. J., Rocha, D., & Averill, P. M. (2010) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0b013e3181af1289 · Cited by 6
“5% of the population.(1,2) Cooccurring substance abuse disorders also are prevalent among this population, with 46% lifetime prevalence of alcohol-related disorders being reported.”
Background
Predictive validity of the five‐factor model prototype scores for antisocial and borderline personality disorders
Stepp, S. D., & Trull, T. J. (2007) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.3 · Cited by 6
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Opium-Induced and Independent Major Depressive Disorder
Mowla, A., Kianpor, M., Bahtoee, M., Sabayan, B., & Chohedri, A. H. (2008) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990802122325 · Cited by 6
“Furthermore, national epidemiologic surveys (1, 2) and numerous clinical studies (4, 5) consistently indicate that substance use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders have strong associations when considered on a lifetime basis.”
Background
Co-occurring substance dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder among incarcerated men
Proctor, S. L. (2012) · Mental Health and Substance Use · doi:10.1080/17523281.2012.678880 · Cited by 6
“PTSD also appears related to the presence of additional co-occurring mental health disorders, particularly SUDs (Chilcoat & Breslau, 1998 ; Kessler et al, 1996 , 1997 ).”
Background
Are cannabis users who participate in a randomized clinical trial different from other treatment seekers?
Frewen, A. R., Baillie, A., & Montebello, M. E. (2008) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2008.07.004 · Cited by 6
Haplotype-based study of the association of alcohol and acetaldehyde-metabolising genes with alcohol dependence (with or without comorbid anxiety symptoms) in a Cape Mixed Ancestry population
Crawford, A. A., Dalvie, S., Lewis, S. J., King, A. P. J., Liberzon, I., Fein, G., Koenen, K. C., Ramesar, R., & Stein, D. J. (2014) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-014-9503-x · Cited by 6
“AD is a heterogeneous disorder, highly comorbid with internalising disorders (Kessler et al. 1996).”
Background
Effects of Depression on Treatment Motivation in Male Alcohol Dependence
Cengisiz, C., Deveci, A., & Eslek, A. Y. (2015) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.5152/npa.2015.9859 · Cited by 6
A Comparison of Opioid and Nonopioid Substance Users in Residential Treatment for Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Disorders
Bride, B. E., MacMaster, S. A., Morse, S. A., Watson, C., Choi, S., & Seiters, J. (2016) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2016.1188738 · Cited by 6
“Individuals with SUDs experience mental health disorders at higher rates than those without SUDs (Compton, Thomas, Stinson, & Grant, 2007; Kessler et al., 1996).”
Background
Comorbidity of Alcohol Use Disorder and Depression: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Tseng, I., Ganz, A., Mitton, A. G., & TSUANG, J. W. (2017) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0000000000000106 · Cited by 9
Scratching the Surface of Psychiatric Services Distribution and Public Health: an Indiana Assessment
Moberly, S., Maxey, H. L., Foy, L., Vaughn, S., Wang, Y., & Díaz, D. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-018-9626-7 · Cited by 6
The Role of Alcohol Intake in the Pharmacogenetics of Treatment with Clozapine
Monroy‐Jaramillo, N., Martínez‐Magaña, J. J., Pérez-Aldana, B. E., Ortega‐Vázquez, A., Montalvo‐Ortiz, J. L., & López, M. (2022) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs-2022-0006 · Cited by 6
Addictive Disorders
Miller, N. S., & Brady, K. T. (2004) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2004.07.005 · Cited by 6
Psychopathology in Cocaine-abusing Adolescents
Kilgus, M. D., & Pumariega, A. J. (2009) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0b013e3181825a0a · Cited by 6
Comorbidity between depressive symptoms and substance use in-patients hospitalized for non-psychiatric diseases
Cortina, C. C., Feijoó-Fonnegra, L. M., Manzur-Pineda, K., Palacio-Muñoz, M., Fonnegra, J. R., González, L. E. M., Mejía, M. C. B., & Restrepo, D. (2021) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.05.001 · Cited by 6
The effect of acupuncture stimulation on alleviating emotional changes due to acute alcohol administration and the possibility of sigma1 receptor involvement
Seo, S. Y., Kim, S. P., Bang, S. K., Kang, S.-Y., Cho, S. J., Choi, K., & Ryu, Y. (2020) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2020.100497 · Cited by 6
“Methods: Male Wistar rats (300−330 g) received pretreatment with (1) saline injection, (2) saline + mechanical stimulation using a mechanical acupuncture instrument (MAI) for acupuncture at the Shenmen (HT7), (3) ETOH (1 g/kg) injection, (4) ETOH + HT7, or (5) the selective 1 R antagonist BD 1047 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg,…”
Method
The Longitudinal Discharge Planning and Treatment Model (LDPTM)
DeForge, B. R., & Belcher, J. R. (2005) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1300/j200v03n04_03 · Cited by 5
Living it or Learning It: Attitudes and Beliefs about Experience and Expertise in Treatment for the Dually Diagnosed
Brown, A. H., Grella, C. E., & Cooper, L. (2002) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/009145090202900403 · Cited by 6
Comorbidity and Risk Behaviors Among Drug Users Not in Treatment
Johnson, M. E., Brems, C., Wells, R. S., Theno, S. A., & Fisher, D. G. (2003) · Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1874.2003.tb00175.x · Cited by 6
Alcoholism in Older Women Religious
McKechnie, J., & Hill, E. M. (2009) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897070902802026 · Cited by 6
“studies examining comorbidity, the Epidemiologic Catchment Areas (ECA) study ( 18 ) and the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) ( 19 ), reported high prevalence rates of mood disorders (ie, mood disturbances such as depression, bipolar, anxiety) in alcohol dependent respondents (29.”
Background
Supporting the implementation of evidence-based practices for adults with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders.
Biegel, D. E., Kola, L. A., & Ronis, R. J. (2007) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100179 · Cited by 6
“In the NCS, 41%-65% of participants with a lifetime occurrence of addictive disorder also reported a lifetime occurrence of at least one mental disorder, and 51% of those with a lifetime occurrence of mental disorder reported a lifetime occurrence of at least one addictive disorder (Kessler et al., 1996).”
Background
Psychiatrische Epidemiologie und Bevölkerungsmedizin
Baune, B. T., & Arolt, V. (2005) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-005-1922-9 · Cited by 6
Meeting the Treatment Needs of Multiply Diagnosed Consumers
Steele, L. D., & Rechberger, E. (2002) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260203200305 · Cited by 6
Alcohol and other substance misuse in suicide
Pirkola, S. P. (1999) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 6
Editorial: the next decade of psychiatric epidemiology
Merikangas, K. R. (1999) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.51 · Cited by 6
Progress in Addiction Treatment: From One-Size-Fits-All to Medications and Treatment Matching
WOODY, G. E. (2014) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.898012 · Cited by 8
“(14) Interest in the relationship between psychopathology and addiction continued, and several large epidemiological studies found that patients with substance use disorders had an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and antisocial personality disorder…”
Background
Editorial Review: Current Review of the Comorbidity of Affective, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders
Myrick, H., & Brady, K. T. (2006) · Cited by 6
Social Determinants Associated with Substance Use and Treatment Seeking in Females of Reproductive Age in the United States
Horan, H. L., Thompson, A., Willard, K., Mobley, E., McDaniel, J. T., Robertson, E., McIntosh, S., & Albright, D. L. (2024) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2023.0559 · Cited by 5

Authors: Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Edlund, M. J., Frank, R. G., & Leaf, P. J.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
Harvard University (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Kessler, Ronald C.
Nelson, Christopher B.
Edlund, Mark J.
Frank, Richard G.
Venue: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1996
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-31
ISSN: 0002-9432 (ISSN-L)
1939-0025
DOI: 10.1037/h0080151
OpenAlex: W2058704610
Cited by: 1,378
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 67
FWCI: 26.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Keywords: co-occurring disorders, substance use disorders, mental illness, comorbidity prevalence, treatment utilization, mental health services, prevention, National Comorbidity Survey
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Humans, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Behavior, Addictive, Age of Onset, Age Distribution

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The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization.

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