Cited by 1,378Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesMental Health Treatment and AccessGambling Behavior and Treatments

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The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization.

Kessler, Ronald C., Nelson, Christopher B., McGonagle, Katherine A., Edlund, Mark J., Frank, Richard G., Leaf, Philip J.·1996·American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

DOI 10.1037/h0080151

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Abstract

General population data from the National Comorbidity Survey are presented on co-occurring DSM-III-R addictive and mental disorders. Co-occurrence is highly prevalent in the general population and usually due to the association of a primary mental disorder with a secondary addictive disorder. It is associated with a significantly increased probability of treatment, although the finding that fewer than half of cases with 12-month co-occurrence received any treatment in the year prior to interview suggests the need for greater outreach efforts.

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Background
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Background
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Background
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“Having any mental disorder increases the odds of having substance abuse or dependence, and comorbidity increases chronicity and treatment resistance (Kessler et al., 1996).”
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“The overlap between these populations has resulted in a high prevalence of co-occurring substance abusing and psychiatrically diagnosed persons among people living with HIV/AIDS (Kessler et al., 1996; Krakow et al., 1997).”
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“This comorbidity was defined in DSM-III (Kessler et al. 1996) and is more accurately characterized in DSM-IV (Leventhal et al.”
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“Approximately 66% of individuals with mental illness (Kessler et al., 1996) and 90% of individuals with a gambling problem (Cunningham, 2005) do not seek treatment.”
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Twenty-Five and Up (25Up) Study: A New Wave of the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study
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“There is a known overlap between affective, anxiety and substance use disorders (Kessler et al., 1996; Merikangas et al., 1996; Regier et al., 1990).”
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“[12] Both surveys illustrated that in a majority of individuals with seriousmental illness, particularly those with unstable conditions, comorbid substance use disorders were present.”
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“…form of psychopathology to emerge in childhood, the most prevalent and frequently diagnosed disorders in youth (Beesdo et al. 2009), and associated with adverse health outcomes (Brent et al. 1986; Essau 2003; Kessler et al. 1996; Pine et al. 1998; Weissman et al. 1999; Woodward and Fergusson 2001).”
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“National Comorbidity study it was found that most anxiety disorders among patients with substance use disorders are pr imary (Kessler et al. 1996), whereas others have questioned the validity o f distinguishing between substance-induced and independent anxiety and depressive disorders (Kadden et al.”
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“disorder, any anxiety disorder, and for more specific diagnoses, confirming our expectations from many previous studies (Regier et al., 1990; Dick et al., 1994; Grant and Harford, 1995; Kessler et al., 1996; Swendsen et al., 1998; Degenhardt et al., 2001).”
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“d Mood and antisocial personality disorders, depression, and anxiety have been found to be highly comorbid with substance use disorders (Kessler et al., 1996; Regier et al., 1990; SAMHSA, 1999).”
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Mouse Mutants for the Study of Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone Receptor Function: Development of Novel Treatment Strategies for Mood Disorders
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Authors: Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Edlund, M. J., Frank, R. G., & Leaf, P. J.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
Harvard University (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Kessler, Ronald C.
Nelson, Christopher B.
Edlund, Mark J.
Frank, Richard G.
Venue: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1996
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-31
ISSN: 0002-9432 (ISSN-L)
1939-0025
DOI: 10.1037/h0080151
OpenAlex: W2058704610
Cited by: 1,378
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 67
FWCI: 26.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Keywords: co-occurring disorders, substance use disorders, mental illness, comorbidity prevalence, treatment utilization, mental health services, prevention, National Comorbidity Survey
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Humans, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Behavior, Addictive, Age of Onset, Age Distribution

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The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: Implications for prevention and service utilization.

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