Social responses to expressive suppression: the role of personality judgments

Tackman, Allison M.; Srivastava, Sanjay

doi:10.1037/pspp0000053

Cited by 51Personality Traits and PsychologyEmotions and Moral BehaviorAttachment and Relationship Dynamics

Social responses to expressive suppression: the role of personality judgments

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Tackman, Allison M., Srivastava, Sanjay·2016·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/pspp0000053

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Abstract

Why do people who suppress their emotion-expressive behavior have difficulty forming close, supportive relationships? Previous studies have found that suppression disrupts the dynamics of social interactions and existing relationships. We evaluated a complementary hypothesis: that suppression functions as a behavioral cue leading others to form negative personality impressions of suppressors, even at zero-acquaintance. In 2 studies, participants reported personality judgments and other impressions of targets who either suppressed or expressed their emotion-expressive behavior in response to amusing or sad film clips. In findings replicated across studies, targets who suppressed either amusement or sadness were judged as less extraverted, less agreeable, and more interpersonally avoidant and anxious than targets who expressed emotions, and participants were less interested in affiliating with suppressors compared with expressers. Effects were amplified when targets suppressed amusement (compared with sadness) and when participants knew the emotional context (compared with when they did not) and, thus, could form expectations about what emotions targets should be showing. Extraversion and agreeableness judgments mediated the effect of suppression on participants' disinterest in affiliating. In Study 2, which extended Study 1 in several ways, effects were pronounced for the enthusiasm aspect of extraversion and the compassion aspect of agreeableness. We also found evidence that judgments of suppressors do not simply fall between neutral and fully expressing targets; rather, judgments of suppressors are qualitatively different. We discuss implications for understanding the social consequences of emotion regulation-in particular, how beyond disrupting relationships, suppression may prevent some relationships from even forming in the first place.

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People who express rather than suppress amusement tend to inspire a greater desire to affiliate, because they are perceived as more extraverted and agreeable.
“Indeed, people who express rather than suppress amusement tend to inspire a greater desire to affiliate, because they are perceived as more extraverted and agreeable (Tackman & Srivastava 2016).”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Tackman & Srivastava 2016
The behavior of masking one's true feelings has been demonstrated to lead to negative reactions from others in social encounters.
“The behavior of masking one's true feelings has been demonstrated to lead to negative reactions from others in social encounters (139–141).”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [141]

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Authors: Tackman, A. M., & Srivastava, S.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
ORCID: Srivastava, Sanjay
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2016-04
Volume: 110
Issue: 4
Pages: 574-591
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000053
OpenAlex: W1692648951
Cited by: 50
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 5.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Keywords: expressive suppression, emotion regulation, personality judgment, impression formation, extraversion, agreeableness, interpersonal avoidance, interpersonal relationships
MeSH terms: Self-Control, Adult, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Male, Personality, Social Perception, Young Adult

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Social responses to expressive suppression: the role of personality judgments

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