The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The diversity–stability debate
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: The insurance hypothesis
Yachi, S., & Loreau, M. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1463 · Cited by 3,211
Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems.
Tilman, D., Wedin, D., & Knops, J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379718a0 · Cited by 2,803
Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability.
Naeem, S., & Li, S. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37348 · Cited by 1,438
Ecology of a Grazing Ecosystem: The Serengeti
McNaughton, S. J. (1985) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1942578 · Cited by 1,367
Complex Trophic Interactions in Deserts: An Empirical Critique of Food-Web Theory
Polis, G. A. (1991) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285208 · Cited by 1,041
Armstrong, R. A., & McGehee, R. (1980) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/283553 · Cited by 1,016
Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability
McGrady-Steed, J., Harris, P. M., & Morin, P. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/36561 · Cited by 720
THE ROLE OF INTRODUCED SPECIES IN THE DEGRADATION OF ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS: A Case History of Guam
Fritts, T. H., & Rodda, G. H. (1998) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.113 · Cited by 601
Research works printed but not linked: 64
- Riciardi, A. & Rasmussen, J. B. Extinction rates of North American freshwater fauna. Conserv. Biol. 13, 1220 –1222 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
- Reid, W. V. Strategies for conserving biodiversity. Environment 39, 16–43 (1997).
- Levin, S. Fragile Dominion: Complexity and the Commons (Helix books, Reading, MA, 1999).
- Lodge, D. Biological invasions: lessons for ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8, 133–137 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
- Cohen, A. & Carlton, J. T. Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science 279, 555 –558 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
- Odum, E. P. Fundamentals of ecology (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1953 ).
- Elton, C. S. Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants (Chapman & Hall, London, 1958). · DOI · Paper page
- MacArthur, R. H. Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology 36, 533–536 ( 1955). · DOI · Paper page
- May, R. M. Stability and complexity in model ecosystems (Princeton Univ. Press, 1973).
- Gardner, M. R. & Ashby, W. R. Connectance of large dynamic (cybernetic) systems: critical values for stability. Nature 228, 784 (1970). · DOI · Paper page
- Pimm, S. L. & Lawton, J. H. On feeding on more than one trophic level. Nature 275, 542– 544 (1978). · DOI · Paper page
- Yodzis, P. The stability of real ecosystems. Nature 289, 674–676 (1981). · DOI · Paper page
- DeAngelis, D. & Waterhouse, J. C. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. Ecol. Monogr. 57, 1–21 (1987). · DOI · Paper page
- Michalski, J. & Arditi, R. in Advances in Environmental and Ecological Modelling (ed. Weill, A.), 1–20 (Elsevier, Paris,1999).
- Huisman, J. & Weissing, F. J. Biodiversity of plankton by species oscillations and chaos. Nature 402, 407–410 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
- McCann, K., Hastings, A. & Huxel, G. R. Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature . Nature 395, 794–798 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
- Law, R., & Morton, D. Permanence and the assembly of ecological communities. Ecology 77, 762– 775 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
- Hastings, A. & Higgins. K. Persistence of transients in spatially structured ecological models. Science 263, 1133–1136 (1994). · DOI
- Tilman, D. & Downing, J. A. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367, 363– 365 (1994). · DOI · Paper page
- Tilman, D. Biodiversity: population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77, 350–363 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
- Schapfer, F. & Schmid, B. Ecosystem effects of biodiversity: a classification of hypotheses and exploration of empirical results. Ecol. Applic. 9, 893–912 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
- Doak, D. F. et al. The statistical inevitability of stability-diversity relationships in community ecology. Am. Nat. 151, 264– 276 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
- Tilman, D., Lehman, C. L. & Bristow, C. E. Diversity-stability relationships: statistical inevitability or ecological consequence. Am. Nat. 151, 277–282 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
- Sankaran, M. & McNaughton, S. J. Determinants of biodiversity regulate compositional stability of communities. Nature 401, 691–693 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
- Huston, M. A. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia 110, 449– 460 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
- Tilman, D. et al. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277, 1300– 1302 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
- Hooper, D. U. & Vitousek, P. M. The effects of plant composition and diversity on ecosystem processes. Science 277, 1302–1305 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
- Wardle, D. A. et al. Plant removals in perennial grassland: vegetation dynamics, decomposers, soil biodiversity, and ecosystem properties. Ecol. Monogr. 69, 535–568 ( 1999). · DOI · Paper page
- van der Heijden, M. et al. Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396, 69–72 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
- Lawton, J. H. Ecological experiments with model systems. Science 269, 328–331 (1995). · DOI
- McGrady-Steed, J. & Morin, P. J. Biodiversity, density compensation, and the dynamics of populations and functional groups . Ecology 81, 361–373 (2000). · DOI
- Morin, P. J. & Lawler, S. P. Food web architecture and population dynamics: theory and empirical evidence. Annu. Rev. Ecol. System. 26, 505–529 ( 1995). · DOI
- Naeem, S. Species redundancy and ecosystem reliability. Conserv. Biol. 12, 39–45 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
- Lawton, J. H. & Brown, V. K. in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function (eds Schulze, E. D. & Mooney, H. A.), 255– 270 (Springer, New York,1993). · DOI · Paper page
- Chesson, P. & Huntley, N. The roles of harsh and fluctuating conditions in the dynamics of ecological communities. Am. Nat. 150, 519–553 ( 1997). · DOI · Paper page
- Winemiller, K. O. Spatial and temporal variation in tropical fish trophic networks. Ecol. Monogr. 60, 331–367 (1990). · DOI · Paper page
- Polis, G. A. & Strong, D. Food web complexity and community dynamics. Am. Nat. 147, 813– 846 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
- Strong, D. Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73, 747– 754 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
- McCann, K. & Hastings, A. Re-evaluating the omnivory-stability relationship in food webs. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264 , 1249–1254 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
- Huxel, G. R. & McCann, K. Food web stability: the influence of trophic flows across habitats. Am. Nat. 152, 460–469 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
- Post, D. M., Connors, E. & Goldberg, D. S. Prey preference by a top predator and the stability of linked food chains. Ecology 81, 8– 14 (2000). · DOI
- Yodzis, P. & Innes, S. Body-size and consumer-resource dynamics . Am. Nat. 139, 1151–1175 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
- Chesson, J. The estimation and analysis of preference and its relationship to foraging models. Ecology 64, 1297– 1304 (1983). · DOI · Paper page
- Kokkoris, G. D., Troumbis, A. Y. & Lawton, J. H. Patterns of species interaction strength in assembled theoretical competition communities. Ecol. Lett. 2, 70–74 (1999). · DOI
- Paine, R. T. Food-web analysis through field measurements of per capita interaction strengths . Nature 355, 73–75 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
- Fagan, W. F. & Hurd, L. E. Hatch density variation of a generalist arthropod predator: population consequences and community impact. Ecology 75, 2022–2032 ( 1994). · DOI
- Goldwasser, L. & Roughgarden, J. Construction and analysis of a large Caribbean food web. Ecology 74, 1216–1223 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
- Raffaelli, D. G. & Hall, S. J. in Food Webs: Integration of Patterns & Dynamics (eds Polis, G. A. & Winemiller, K. O.) 185–191 (Chapman & Hall, New York, 1996). · DOI
- Wootton, J. T. Estimates and tests of per capita interaction strength: diet abundance and impact of intertidally foraging birds. Ecol. Monogr. 67, 45–64 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
- Paine, R. T. Ecological determinism in the competition for space. Ecology 65, 1339–1348 (1984). · DOI · Paper page
- Berlow, E. Strong effects of weak interactions in ecological communities. Nature 398, 330–334 ( 1999). · DOI · Paper page
- Williamson, M. & Fitter, A. The varying success of invaders. Ecology 77, 1661– 1666 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
- Vander Zanden, M. J., Casselman, J. M. & Rasmussen, J. B. Stable isotope evidence for the food web consequences of species invasions in lakes. Nature 401, 464–467 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
- Reinthal, P. N. & Kling, G. W. in Theory and Application in Fish Feeding Ecology (eds Stouder, D. J., Fresh, K. L. & Feller, R.) 296–313 (Univ. South Carolina Press, 1994).
- Fagan, W. F. Omnivory as a stabilizing feature of natural communities. Am. Nat. 150, 554–567 ( 1997). · DOI · Paper page
- de Ruiter, P. C., Neutel, A. & Moore, J. C. Energetics, patterns of interaction strengths, and stability in real ecosystems. Science 269, 1257– 1260 (1995). · DOI · Paper page
- Holyoak, M. & Sachdev, S. Omnivory and the stability of simple food webs. Oecologia 117, 413– 419 (1999). · DOI
- Flaherty, D. Ecosystem trophic complexity and densities of the Williamette mite, Eotetranychus williamettei ewing (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Ecology 50, 911–916 (1969). · doi:10.2307/1933710
- Morin, P. Productivity, intraguild predation, and population dynamics in experimental food webs. Ecology 80, 752– 760 (1999). · DOI
- Luckinbill, L. S. Regulation, stability, and diversity in a model experimental microcosm. Ecology 60, 1098–1102 ( 1979). · doi:10.2307/1936956
- DeAngelis, D. Dynamics of Nutrient Recycling and Food Webs (Chapman & Hall, New York, 1992). · DOI · Paper page
- Andersen, T. Pelagic Nutrient Cycles: Herbivores as Sources and Sinks (Springer, New York, 1997). · DOI
- Elser, J. J. & Urabe, J. The stoichiometry of consumer-driven nutrient recycling: theory, observations and consequences. Ecology 80, 735–751 ( 1999). · DOI · Paper page
- Harding, S. P. Food web complexity enhances community stability and climate regulation in a geophysiological model. Tellus 51B, 815 –829 (1999). · DOI
Cited by
EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: A CONSENSUS OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
Hooper, D. U., Chapin, F. S., Ewel, J. J., Hector, A., Inchausti, P., Lavorel, S., Lawton, J. H., Lodge, D. M., Loreau, M., Naeem, S., et al. (2005) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/04-0922 · Cited by 8,046
Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine
Bäckhed, F., Ley, R. E., Sonnenburg, J. L., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104816 · Cited by 5,277
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges
Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P., Bengtsson, J., Grime, J. P., Hector, A., Hooper, D. U., Huston, M. A., Raffaelli, D., Schmid, B., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1064088 · Cited by 4,649
The ecology of the microbiome: Networks, competition, and stability
Coyte, K. Z., Schluter, J., & Foster, K. R. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad2602 · Cited by 2,748
Indices, Graphs and Null Models: Analyzing Bipartite Ecological Networks
Dormann, C. F., Frund, J., Bluthgen, N., & Gruber, B. (2009) · The Open Ecology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874213000902010007 · Cited by 1,772
Metadata
- Authors
- McCann, K. S.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2000-05
- Volume
- 405
- Issue
- 6783
- Pages
- 228-233
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1598363147
- Cited by
- 3,143
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 62.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The diversity–stability debate. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/35012234
- The paper
- McCann, K. S. (2000). The diversity–stability debate. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/35012234
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.