The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of sequence-specific, post-transcriptional gene silencing in animals and plants, initiated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is homologous in sequence to the silenced gene. The mediators of sequence-specific messenger RNA degradation are 21- and 22-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) generated by ribonuclease III cleavage from longer dsRNAs. Here we show that 21-nucleotide siRNA duplexes specifically suppress expression of endogenous and heterologous genes in different mammalian cell lines, including human embryonic kidney (293) and HeLa cells. Therefore, 21-nucleotide siRNA duplexes provide a new tool for studying gene function in mammalian cells and may eventually be used as gene-specific therapeutics.
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In the citing paper
“The RNA-cleaving properties of Cas13a can be harnessed for post-transcriptional repression, with comparable efficiency to RNA interference (RNAi) methods of RNA silencing [123,124]”
From CRISPR-Cas: Converting A Bacterial Defence Mechanism into A State-of-the-Art Genetic Manipulation Tool (2019) · cites this paper as [123]
In the citing paper
“This has been demonstrated to be the most powerful way to selectively reduce the intracellular concentration of proteins (18,19).”
In the citing paper
“RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous cellular process that triggers the degradation of particular RNA targets by double-stranded RNAs, result in the subsequent down-regulation of corresponding proteins.565–567”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [565]
Citations
Cites
Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference
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HOW CELLS RESPOND TO INTERFERONS
Stark, G. R., Kerr, I. M., Williams, B. R. G., Silverman, R. H., & Schreiber, R. D. (1998) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.227 · Cited by 3,932
RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAsPreprint
Elbashir, S. M., Lendeckel, W., & Tuschl, T. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.862301 · Cited by 3,354
Self-citationA Species of Small Antisense RNA in Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing in Plants
Hamilton, A. J., & Baulcombe, D. C. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5441.950 · Cited by 3,100
An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells
Hammond, S. M., Bernstein, E., Beach, D., & Hannon, G. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35005107 · Cited by 3,006
Zamore, P. D., Tuschl, T., Sharp, P. A., & Bartel, D. P. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80620-0 · Cited by 2,751
Self-citationLoss of a-Type Lamin Expression Compromises Nuclear Envelope Integrity Leading to Muscular Dystrophy
Sullivan, T. L., Escalante‐Alcalde, D., Bhatt, H., Anver, M. R., BHAT, N. K., Nagashima, K., Stewart, C. L., & Burke, B. E. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.147.5.913 · Cited by 1,197
Transcriptional silencing and promoter methylation triggered by double‐stranded RNA
Mette, M. F., Aufsatz, W., van der Winden, J., Matzke, M. A., & Matzke, A. J. M. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.19.5194 · Cited by 889
Post-transcriptional gene silencing by double-stranded RNA
Hammond, S. M., Caudy, A. A., & Hannon, G. J. (2001) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/35052556 · Cited by 850
Clemens, J. C., Worby, C. A., Simonson-Leff, N., Muda, M., Maehama, T., Hemmings, B. A., & Dixon, J. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.110149597 · Cited by 843
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Knocking down barriers: advances in siRNA delivery
Whitehead, K. A., Langer, R., & Anderson, D. G. (2009) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2742 · Cited by 3,115
TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling
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The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer
Varambally, S., Dhanasekaran, S. M., Zhou, M., Barrette, T. R., Kumar-Sinha, C., Sanda, M. G., Ghosh, D., Pienta, K. J., Sewalt, R. G. A. B., Otte, A. P., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01075 · Cited by 2,717
Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias
Khvorova, A., Reynolds, A., & Jayasena, S. D. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00801-8 · Cited by 2,645
RNA targeting with CRISPR–Cas13
Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Essletzbichler, P., Han, S., Joung, J., Belanto, J. J., Verdine, V., Cox, D. B. T., Kellner, M. J., Regev, A., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24049 · Cited by 2,093
Metadata
- Authors
- Elbashir, S. M., Harborth, J., Lendeckel, W., Yalcin, A., Weber, K., & Tuschl, T.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Tuschl, Thomas
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2001-05
- Volume
- 411
- Issue
- 6836
- Pages
- 494-498
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1611419331
- Cited by
- 9,456
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 145 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 218 · 2021: 201 · 2020: 196 · 2019: 232 · 2018: 195 · 2017: 224 · 2016: 242 · 2015: 287 · 2014: 359 · 2013: 401 · 2012: 486
- FWCI
- 210.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- RNA interference, siRNA, gene silencing, post-transcriptional regulation, mammalian cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Coleoptera, Cells, Cultured, Cnidaria, Drosophila, Genes, Genetic Techniques, HeLa Cells, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, RNA, Double-Stranded, RNA, Messenger, Vimentin, Genes, Reporter, Cell Cycle Proteins, COS Cells, Gene Silencing, Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins, Lamins, Antigens, Nuclear
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