Cited by 129CRISPR and Genetic EngineeringBacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyRNA regulation and disease

CRISPR-Cas: Converting A Bacterial Defence Mechanism into A State-of-the-Art Genetic Manipulation Tool

Open access
Loureiro, Alexandre, da Silva, Gabriela Jorge·2019·Antibiotics

Abstract

Bacteriophages are pervasive viruses that infect bacteria, relying on their genetic machinery to replicate. In order to protect themselves from this kind of invader, bacteria developed an ingenious adaptive defence system, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Researchers soon realised that a specific type of CRISPR system, CRISPR-Cas9, could be modified into a simple and efficient genetic engineering technology, with several improvements over currently used systems. This discovery set in motion a revolution in genetics, with new and improved CRISPR systems being used in plenty of in vitro and in vivo experiments in recent years. This review illustrates the mechanisms behind CRISPR-Cas systems as a means of bacterial immunity against phage invasion and how these systems were engineered to originate new genetic manipulation tools. Newfound CRISPR-Cas technologies and the up-and-coming applications of these systems on healthcare and other fields of science are also discussed.

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Crossref · 10.3390/antibiotics8010018

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Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.

  • Cites a retracted work: 10.1038/nature16142

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    The cited work was retracted on 2025-01-27 (notice 10.1038/s41586-025-08644-5), not before this paper was published (2019-02-28).

    Cited work 10.1038/nature16142 · retracted 2025-01-27 · notice 10.1038/s41586-025-08644-5 · this paper published 2019-02-28

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  1. 2015, Erişkin orak hücre hastalığında hematopoietik kök hücre nakli: Problemler ve çözüm önerileri, Turk. J. Hematol., 32, 195

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Authors
Loureiro, A., & da Silva, G. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Coimbra (PT)
  • Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Venue
Antibiotics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-02-28
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
18
ISSN
2079-6382 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2917439987
Cited by
129
References
189
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3
FWCI
0.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Antibiotics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Estudo Geral (Universidade de Coimbra) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
Keywords
CRISPR-Cas, CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR, bacterial adaptive immunity, genome editing, phage resistance

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