The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 19 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Migration as adaptation
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
2 of 19 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Diminished soil quality in Kenya has led people to travel to diversify their income.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [4] Gray, C. Glob. Environ. Change 21, 421–430 (2011). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports a strong association in Kenya between low soil quality and temporary labor migration, and suggests that households send migrants to generate additional income. The claim presents this suggested response as an established causal effect; the paper does not establish that diminished soil quality caused people to migrate. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In 2004-05, for example, temporary labour migration in households that were farming land with high-quality soils was 67% lower than in those using poor soils 4 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [4] Gray, C. Glob. Environ. Change 21, 421–430 (2011). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Results §5.1 (Kenya; page not provided) reports that the odds of temporary labor migration were 67% lower for households with high-quality soil. The citing sentence presents this as a 67% reduction in migration itself, rather than in its odds. Data Collection §3.1 also says the Kenyan surveys were conducted in 2004 and 2007, not 2004–05. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, in Uganda, a relatively settled country with high 'entry costs' for housing, schools and marriage, those who are wealthier are more able to relocate.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In Bangladesh, for example, moving to cities has become a common coping strategy in the face of flooding.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3] Penning-Rowsell, E., Sultana, S. & Thompson, P. Population Movement in Response to Climate Related Hazards in Bangladesh: The 'Last Resort' (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“Environmental factors will increasingly influence migration.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Current greenhouse-gas emissions are already committing the planet to likely climate changes in the next 20 years.
- Not matched
In the paper
“and may be exacerbated by maladaptive policies designed to prevent migration.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“The greatest risks will be borne by those who are unable or unwilling to re locate”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“In Dakar, Senegal, for example, 40% of those who moved there between 1998 and 2008 live in areas of high flood risk 8 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] World Bank World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change (World Bank, 2010). source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Migration may be the most effective way to allow people to diversify income and build resilience where environmental change threatens livelihoods.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“In rapidly growing megacities, such as Dhaka and Lagos, that are located in delta and coastal floodplain regions in Africa or Asia, hundreds of millions more people may be at risk of flooding by 2060 (see 'Urban coastal flood risk').”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. VAFEIDIS ET AL.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
In the paper
“In a 2008 study, 22% of households affected by tidal-surge floods, and 16% affected by riverbank erosion, moved to urban areas 3 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3] Penning-Rowsell, E., Sultana, S. & Thompson, P. Population Movement in Response to Climate Related Hazards in Bangladesh: The 'Last Resort' (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“It contends that, although environmental change will alter an already complex pattern of human mobility, migration will offer opportunities as well as challenges.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our study suggests that the picture is not so one-sided.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
In the paper
“In Mali, emigration decreased during the severe droughts of 1983-85 alongside a rise in rural poverty 7 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Findley, S. E. Int. Migr. Rev. 28, 539–553 (1994).
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Migration is often expensive, and those most vulnerable to environmental change are usually poor.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Migrants stretch the capacity of existing infrastructure, especially in low-income countries, and new arrivals are frequently vulnerable.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In Africa, where the majority of international migrants stay within their subregion, such remittances to home communities quadrupled to nearly US$40 billion between 1990 and 2010, surpassing official development assistance since 2007 (ref.10).”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > A ROAD MAP FOR ACTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Ratha, D. et al. Leveraging Migration for Africa: Remittances, Skills, and Investments (World Bank, 2011). source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Environmental change can increase the incentive to move, but it can also limit the capacity to do so.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In 2008, attacks against these migrants resulted in 65 deaths and the further displacement of 150,000 people 9 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9] McGregor, J., Marazzi, L. & Mpofu, B. Conflict, Migration and the Environment: the Case of Zimbabwe (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, migrants may be socially excluded and so will need special attention.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > A ROAD MAP FOR ACTION
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“There may be confounding socio-political factors, such as in Somalia where armed conflict restricts movement 5 , or in New Orleans, Louisiana, where the evacuation plan for Hurricane Katrina assumed that everyone had access to a car 6 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5] Kolmannskog, V. New Issues in Refugee Research Res. Pap. 180 (UNHCR, 2009); available at http://go.nature.com/pugh4r
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [6] Cutter, S. The Katrina Exodus: Internal Displacements and Unequal Outcomes (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Impoverished people face a double set of risks.They are unable to move away from environmental threats, and their lack of capital makes them especially vulnerable to environmental changes.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Additional information
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Political instability, poor governance, conflict and social pressures compound these problems.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Current greenhouse-gas emissions are already committing the planet to likely climate changes in the next 20 years.
“Current greenhouse-gas emissions are already committing the planet to likely climate changes in the next 20 years.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Future droughts will threaten food security.
“Future droughts will threaten food security”
The paper relies on this without support.
People migrate for complex reasons including economic improvement, joining family, escaping persecution, and removing themselves from environmental or other threats, often temporarily.
“People migrate for complex reasons: to improve incomes; to join family members; to escape persecution; and to remove themselves from environmental or other threats, often temporarily.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The drivers of migration are closely intertwined, so it makes little sense to consider any of them in isolation.
“Many factors influence whether a person or family will migrate.Their effects are closely intertwined, so it makes little sense to consider any of them in isolation.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is an increasing acknowledgment that the character of climate migration is strongly determined by contextual factors, such as the political or socioeconomic conditions in a region, which affect households' access to alternative in-situ adaptation options, resources to bear the costs of migration, and the existence of migration networks (Black et al., 2011).”
From Improving the evidence base: A methodological review of the quantitative climate migration literature (2021) · cites this paper as Black et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
Cites
Bank, W. (2010) · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-7987-5 · Cited by 932
Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and DevelopmentPreprint
Klugman, J. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 804
Does Drought Increase Migration? A Study of Migration from Rural Mali during the 1983–1985 Drought
Findley, S. E. (1994) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/019791839402800306 · Cited by 344
Leveraging Migration for Africa: Remittances, Skills, and Investments
Ratha, D., Mohapatra, S., Özden, Ç., Plaza, S., Shaw, W., & Shimeles, A. (2011) · Cited by 258
The ‘last resort’? Population movement in response to climate-related hazards in Bangladesh
Penning-Rowsell, E. C., Sultana, P., & Thompson, P. M. (2013) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.03.009 · Cited by 241
Leveraging Migration for Africa: Remittances, Skills, and Investments
Ratha, D., Mohapatra, S., Ozden, C., Plaza, S., Shaw, W., & Shimeles, A. (2011) · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-8257-8 · Cited by 133
Soil quality and human migration in Kenya and Uganda
Gray, C. L. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.02.004 · Cited by 108
Ratha, D., Mohapatra, S., Özden, Ç., Plaza, S., Shaw, W., & Shimeles, A. (2011) · World Bank Publications · Cited by 34
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
- Kolmannskog, V. New Issues in Refugee Research Res. Pap. 180 (UNHCR, 2009); available at http://go.nature.com/pugh4r
- Cutter, S. The Katrina Exodus: Internal Displacements and Unequal Outcomes (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
- Findley, S. E. Int. Migr. Rev. 28, 539–553 (1994).
- McGregor, J., Marazzi, L. & Mpofu, B. Conflict, Migration and the Environment: the Case of Zimbabwe (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,028
Dynamics of Drought-Related Migration Among Five Villages in the Savannah of Ghana
Jarawura, F. X. (2021) · Ghana Journal of Geography · doi:10.4314/gjg.v13i1.6 · Cited by 9
“A major reason for the paucity of empirical studies is that environment-migration linkages are complex and difficult to unravel in the midst of the interplay of multiple environmental and other drivers of migration (Black et al., 2011; Liehr et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPolicy challenges and responses to environmental non-migration
Naser, M. M., Mallick, B., Priodarshini, R., Huq, S., & Bailey, A. (2023) · npj Climate Action · doi:10.1038/s44168-023-00033-w · Cited by 9
Rainwater Harvesting as an Effective Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in Rural and Urban Settings
Ferrand, E. A. (2014) · Springer water · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10467-6_19 · Cited by 9
Lu, Q.-C., Zhang, J., Wu, L., & Rahman, A. B. M. S. (2016) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1740-z · Cited by 9
“This might verify the finding that floods and cyclones are less important factors affecting people’s migration than other socioeconomic drivers (Black et al. 2011; Hugo 2011; Gray and Mueller 2012).”
BackgroundAerts, J. C. J. H. (2017) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3279 · Cited by 9
DeWaard, J., Johnson, J. E., & Whitaker, S. D. (2018) · Working paper · doi:10.26509/frbc-wp-201804 · Cited by 10
“…detail the economic, environmental, geopolitical, and sociocultural causes, characteristics, and consequences of migration (Ali and Hartmann, 2015; Black et al., 2011; Bodvarsson and Van den Berg, 2013; Brettell and Hollifield, 2014; Castles et al., 2013; Hunter et al., 2015; Kritz et al., 1992;…”
BackgroundInfluentialChapter 20 : Social Systems and Justice. Fifth National Climate Assessment
Marino, E. K., Maxwell, K. B., Eisenhauer, E., Zycherman, A., Fussell, E., Hendricks, M. D., Jacobs, F. H., Jerolleman, A., Jorgenson, A. K., Markowitz, E. M., et al. (2023) · doi:10.7930/nca5.2023.ch20 · Cited by 11
Ezeudu Tochukwu, S., & Bilyaminu, T. (2024) · Journal of Child Adult Vaccines and Immunology · doi:10.29328/journal.jcavi.1001012 · Cited by 8
Maharjan, A., Valle, Á. D., Erulkar, A. S., Mishra, A., Steidl, C., Singh, C., Sharma, D., Riosmena, F., Pinillos, G., Abel, G., et al. (2024) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183241275469 · Cited by 10
“For example, consider research on the causes, or drivers or determinants, of migration, which has expanded considerably (Massey et al. 1993; 1999; Black et al. 2011a; Black et al. 2011b; Groth et al. 2020; de Haas 2021; Riosmena 2024).”
Bernasconi, C. (2024) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli13010006 · Cited by 9
Wang, Y., Zhao, N., Wu, C., Wang, W., Wu, Y., Wu, X., Chen, K., Ye, Y., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2025.106177 · Cited by 10
Approaches to Climate Resilience
Ferguson, P. D., Wollersheim, L., & Lowe, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_97-1 · Cited by 7
Climate anomalies and international migration: A disaggregated analysis for West Africa
Flores, F. M., Milusheva, S., Reichert, A. R., & Reitmann, A. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2024.102997 · Cited by 9
Friedline, T. L. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190944131.001.0001 · Cited by 8
Brexit, uncertainty, and migration decisions
Auer, D., & Tetlow, D. (2022) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.13079 · Cited by 7
A Threat or an Opportunity? Internal Migration in the Context of Climate Extremes in Pakistan
Salik, K. M., Shabbir, M., Naeem, K., & Zahid, R. J. (2023) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34194-6_11 · Cited by 11
Where Nature and Poverty Meet: Developing a Multidimensional Environment-Poverty Measure
Schleicher, J., van Soesbergen, A., Schaafsma, M., Dyngeland, C., Oldekop, J. A., Maioli, V., Latawiec, A. E., & Vira, B. (2025) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2024.2434248 · Cited by 11
“Demographic changes, including due to migration, are important to consider in this context as they will be impacted by environmental factors (Black et al., 2011) and can influence poverty measures.”
Bowles, D. C., & Butler, C. D. (2014) · South African Medical Journal · doi:10.7196/samj.8604 · Cited by 8
Schraven, B., & Rademacher‐Schulz, C. (2015) · Advances in global change research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25796-9_3 · Cited by 8
Lyu, H., Dong, Z., Roobavannan, M., Kandasamy, J., & Pande, S. (2020) · Hydrological Sciences Journal · doi:10.1080/02626667.2020.1802030 · Cited by 9
“Black et al. (2011) stressed that the effect of environmental change on the decision to migrate is embedded in multiple factors including politics, economy, society and demographic conditions.”
BackgroundInfluentialJohnson, K., Mortensen, S., Gueguen-Teil, C., et al. (2021) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/disa.12475 · Cited by 8
Weather Shocks, Population, and Housing Prices: the Role of Expectation Revisions
Petkov, I. (2022) · Economics of Disasters and Climate Change · doi:10.1007/s41885-022-00116-8 · Cited by 8
Geurts, N., & Lubbers, M. (2022) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-022-00993-8 · Cited by 8
Tropical cyclone-induced coastal sea level projection and the adaptation to a changing climate
Mori, N., & Shimura, T. (2022) · Cambridge Prisms Coastal Futures · doi:10.1017/cft.2022.6 · Cited by 8
Framing Labour Mobility Options in Small Island States Affected by Environmental Changes
Fornalé, E., Guélat, J., & Piguet, É. (2015) · Advances in global change research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25796-9_11 · Cited by 8
Warner, K., & Afifi, T. (2014) · Social research · doi:10.1353/sor.2014.0029 · Cited by 8
“2009; Foresight 2011) and emphasizes that some people who are more exposed to environmental stressors—particularly farmers, herders, pastoralists, fishermen, and others who rely on natural resources and the weather for their livelihoods—may be the least able to move very far away, if at all (Betts 2010; Black et al. 2…”
BackgroundDermatology, climate change, and the perils of attacks on expertise
Khalifian, S., & Rosenbach, M. A. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.054 · Cited by 8
Göksu Nehri Havzasının Yağış-Akış İlişkileri
PALTA, Ş., Yurtseven, İ., & AKSAY, H. (2019) · Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.24011/barofd.560701 · Cited by 8
Mikal, J. P., Grace, K. L., DeWaard, J., Brown, M. E., & Sangli, G. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236248 · Cited by 8
Migration doesn't have to be a failure to adapt
Gemenne, F. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118529577.ch22 · Cited by 8
Climatised Moves - Climate-induced Migration and the Politics of Environmental Discourse
Bettini, G. (2013) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 8
Felgentreff, C., & Pott, A. (2016) · Die Erde · doi:10.12854/erde-147-5 · Cited by 8
“Most migration theorists would agree that migration has often proved to function as an effective mode of adaptation (Black et al. 2011).”
BackgroundOutcomes of migration as adaptation: a conceptual framework for migration governance
Abel, K., Katz, B., Rose, S., & Wrathall, D. J. (2023) · Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1080/1943815x.2023.2246525 · Cited by 8
“For this conceptual framework, and as previously mentioned, a preferred migration governance outcome is one that is considered adaptive and of mutual advantage to hosts and migrants, as supported by the existing migration literature (McLeman and Hunter 2010; Black et al. 2011; McLeman 2019).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBower, E., Epifantseva, S., Schmitter, S., Wong‐Parodi, G., Kulp, S., & Field, C. B. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01854-1 · Cited by 7
Mamba, S. F., Ncube, M., Ndlovu, S., Ndlovu, N., Moyo, F., Dube, Z. L., Nkala, P., Ncube, V., Mathe, T., Murai, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Asian and African Studies · doi:10.1177/00219096251319226 · Cited by 7
“…displacement and massive migration of people from vulnerable and threatened regions has become largely inevitable as climate change continues to shape the socio-economic landscape of countries in the global South and Southern Africa, in particular (Islam and Hasan, 2016; Black et al., 2011).”
Twelve research agendas for advancing the peace-sustainability nexus
Simangan, D., Fisher, J., Ide, T., Koubi, V., Sharifi, A., Alfredo, K. A., Candelaria, J. L., Dalby, S., Hendrix, C. S., Kharrazi, A., et al. (2025) · Peace and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.nerpsj.2025.100008 · Cited by 8
Stoltz, A. D., Won, O. M., Gee, E. K. C., & Seto, K. L. (2025) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-025-03999-0 · Cited by 7
“On its own, SLR is predicted to displace a large proportion of the population over the next century via inundation and heightened coastal hazards (Black et al. 2011; Hauer et al. 2020).”
Değirmenci, T., Okoth, E., Erdem, A., et al. (2025) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.70494 · Cited by 7
Drivers, Pressures and Stressors: The Societal Framework of Water Resources Management
Salamé, L., Bogárdi, J. J., Sebesvári, Z., Tockner, K., Yazici, B., Turan, F., Calli, B., Kerç, A., Unver, O. I., & Walz, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60147-8_11 · Cited by 7
Parente, P., Melnyk, A., Lombardo, P., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckad130 · Cited by 7
Child fostering in a changing climate: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
Ronnkvist, S. R., Thiede, B. C., & Barber, E. (2023) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-023-00435-2 · Cited by 8
“In a second scenario, climate-induced disruptions to livelihoods may reduce the resources that are available to fund migration, thereby decreasing mobility (i.e., producing “trapped populations”) (Black et al., 2011; DeWaard et al., 2022).”
BackgroundQi, W., Feng, L., Liu, J., Zhu, X., Liu, Y., Kuang, X., & Xie, Z. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad0a1d · Cited by 7
Shibuya, Y., Jones, N. K. W., & Sekimoto, Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59814-w · Cited by 7
Framing Migration as Adaptation: IOM’s Aspirations to Manage Climate Migration
Schriever, S. (2024) · Geopolitics · doi:10.1080/14650045.2024.2368624 · Cited by 9
“Proponents of the ‘adaptation framing’ highlight that migration can be a strategy to diversify incomes and build resilience (Black et al. 2011), encouraging states to enable migration rather than curbing it.”
Ahsan, M. N., Naim, J., Kumar, P., Okano, N., Alam, A., Chowdhury, S., Islam, M. T., Khatun, A., Nasrin, N., & Vink, K. (2024) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103215 · Cited by 18
Łukaniszyn-Domaszewska, K., Mazur-Włodarczyk, K., & Łukaniszyn, M. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18071625 · Cited by 9
Stojanov, R., Boas, I., Kelman, I., & Duží, B. (2017) · Asia Pacific Viewpoint · doi:10.1111/apv.12156 · Cited by 8
“…& Sons Australia, Ltd i lli t and John iley Sons stralia, Ltd 357 APV_12156.indd 357 22/11/17 11:38 AM level of influence differs depending on the specific case study and timing (e.g. Hadi, 1999; Siddiqui, 2001; Khatri, 2007; Massey et al., 2010; Black et al., 2011; Warner, 2011; Deshingkar, 2012).”
BackgroundClimate‐related displacement in the Asia Pacific: Justice, rights and culture
Miller, F. P. (2019) · Asia Pacific Viewpoint · doi:10.1111/apv.12243 · Cited by 7
How Should We Talk About Climate Change and Migration?
Morrissey, J. H. (2020) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnaa031 · Cited by 7
Urban Green Spaces in a Post-Apartheid City: Challenges and Opportunities for Nature-based Solutions
Giombini, V., & Thorn, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_17 · Cited by 7
Langlois, B. K., Beaulac, L., Berry, K., Anyanwu, O. A., Simpson, R., Ismanto, A., Koch, M., de Perez, E. C., Griffin, T. S., & Naumova, E. N. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095706 · Cited by 7
“These findings are consistent with other studies and with migration theory that the losses from flooding disasters may make longer distance moves more difficult [15,18,19].”
ResultHe, L., Kreske, E., Nawyn, S. J., Pearson, A. L., Axelrod, M., POKHREL, Y. N., Gasteyer, S. P., Lawrie, S., & Kendall, A. D. (2023) · Environment and Security · doi:10.1177/27538796231207919 · Cited by 11
“Some recent research highlights migration as one adaptive behavior people employ in response to climate-related resource scarcity (e.g., Black et al., 2011; Pei et al., 2019).”
BackgroundImpacts of Climate Change on Food Accessibility
Sage, C. L. (2014) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_120 · Cited by 7
“However, while environmental change can increase the incentive to move, it can also limit the capacity to do so (Black et al 2011).”
BackgroundMigration as an Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change: Influencing Factors in North-western Ghana
Fielmua, N., Dugle, G., & Mwingyine, D. T. (2017) · Journal of Sustainable Development · doi:10.5539/jsd.v10n6p155 · Cited by 7
“In Zimbabwe, political factors and economic conditions in the midst of drought facilitated people’s decision to migrate (Black et al., 2011).”
BackgroundQuantifying Lifecourse Drivers of International Migration
Hazzouri, A. Z. A., Zhang, L., Murchland, A. R., et al. (2020) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001266 · Cited by 7
Structuring Urban Sustainability with Water: A Case of Kamrangir Chor, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Asad, R. (2012) · Journal of Social and Development Sciences · doi:10.22610/jsds.v3i8.713 · Cited by 7
“In 2008, 22% households affected by tidal surge flood and 16% affected by riverbank erosion moved to urban areas and those displaced and vulnerable communities migrate to urban areas in search of livelihood (Black et al., 2011).”
BackgroundClimate Change Effects on People’s Livelihood
Kabir, M. E., & Serrao-Neumann, S. (2019) · Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_7-1 · Cited by 7
Impact of climate warming on population mortality in South China
Sun, Y., & Guo, Y. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137789 · Cited by 7
Climatic Variability and Internal Migration in Asia: Evidence from Big Microdata
Thiede, B. C., Robinson, A., & Gray, C. (2024) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/padr.12612 · Cited by 13
“On the one hand, migration may help households adapt to the effects of climate shocks, leaving immobile populations least able to cope and, therefore, most at risk (Black et al. 2011).”
Bayrak, M. M., Hsu, Y., & Hung, L. (2024) · Asia Pacific Viewpoint · doi:10.1111/apv.12426 · Cited by 6
Garcia, C., Borderon, M., Sakdapolrak, P., Assefa, N., Peth, S. A., Dheresa, M., Reboul, L., & Sterly, H. (2025) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-025-02373-1 · Cited by 11
“…are important drivers of different forms of mobility, but that specific mobility outcomes—increase, decrease, shifting in timing, or flows in new directions—are context-specific and strongly influenced by economic, social, political and demographic processes (Black et al. 2011; IPCC 2022).”
Islam, M. R., Sultana, N., & Alam, M. S. (2025) · Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1163/15691330-bja10135 · Cited by 6
Who speaks for climate migrants? A justice-oriented bibliometric analysis of Global South research
Aziz, M., Anjum, G., Nawaz, A. R., & Nadeem, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2025.1658517 · Cited by 7
Kastaun, S., Herrmann, A., Müller, B. S., Klosterhalfen, S., Hoffmann, B. H., Wilm, S., & Kotz, D. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076236 · Cited by 8
Li, Y., Minić, Z., Hüttmann, N., Khraibah, A., Storey, K. B., & Berezovski, M. V. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65417-2 · Cited by 8
Exploring antecedents to climate migration: sense of place, fear and worry, and experience
Rubin, N. B., Garfin, D. R., & Wong‐Parodi, G. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad6fb9 · Cited by 6
“Migration decisions in the face of climate change are complex and context-specific [24–26], with economic, political, social, and environmental factors playing varying roles depending on the individual [27, 28].”
Climate Impacts on Capital Accumulation in the Small Island State of Barbados
Kemp-Benedict, E., Lamontagne, J., Laing, T., & Drakes, C. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11113192 · Cited by 8
The 1971 Bangladesh War and Policy Lessons for Climate Refugee Management in South Asia
Ravi, C. (2021) · Politics & Policy · doi:10.1111/polp.12392 · Cited by 6
“Presumed urbanization”: The experiences of Onitsha city slums dwellers
Isiani, M. C., Obi-Ani, N. A., & Obi-Ani, P. (2021) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103399 · Cited by 6
Rigaud, K. K., de Sherbinin, A., Jones, B., Arora, A., & Adamo, S. (2021) · doi:10.1596/36446 · Cited by 6
Climate mobility to Europe: The case of disaster displacement in Austrian asylum procedures
Mayrhofer, M., & Ammer, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Climate · doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.990558 · Cited by 6
Environmental non-migration: framework, methods, and cases
Mallick, B., & Hunter, L. M. (2023) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-022-02019-6 · Cited by 7
A combined cognitive and spatial model to map and understand climate-induced migration
Cárdenas-Vélez, M., Barrott, J., Jaramillo, J. C. B., Hernández-Orozco, E., Maestre-Másmela, D. M., & Alva, I. L. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-02987-7 · Cited by 6
“Climate change is considered one of the main drivers of temporary and permanent internal and cross-border migration (Ayales et al., 2019; Black et al., 2011; Casillas, 2020; Falco et al., 2019; Foresight, 2011; Wiegel et al., 2019).”
Ramesh, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84185-9_6 · Cited by 6
From Mitigation to Adaptation in Asset Management for Climate Change: A Discussion
Bhamidipati, S., van der Lei, T. E., & Herder, P. (2014) · Lecture notes in mechanical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06966-1_10 · Cited by 6
“[14].”
Seed mass predicts migration lag of European trees
Veresoglou, S. D., & Halley, J. M. (2018) · Annals of Forest Science · doi:10.1007/s13595-018-0766-y · Cited by 6
“To cope with changes in temperature, organisms have to either adapt or migrate (Black et al. 2011).”
BackgroundWright, C. Y., Kapwata, T., Wernecke, B., et al. (2019) · South African Medical Journal · doi:10.7196/samj.2019.v109i11b.14253 · Cited by 6
Incentives and voluntary stopping: The intentional hand task
Weidacker, K., Kvamme, T. L., Whiteford, S., Guzman, N. V., & Voon, V. (2020) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104504 · Cited by 5
The effect of income shocks on migration: evidence from rural Vietnam
Nguyen, C. V. (2019) · Applied Economics Letters · doi:10.1080/13504851.2019.1693015 · Cited by 6
The Childhood Origins of Climate-Induced Mobility and ImmobilityPreprint
Thiede, B. C., Randell, H., & Gray, C. (2021) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/a96wf · Cited by 6
Thiede, B. C., Robinson, A., & Gray, C. (2022) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/hxv35 · Cited by 6
Wren, C. D., Romanowska, I., & Riede, F. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr0314 · Cited by 7
Easton‐Calabria, E., & Sturridge, C. (2024) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnae046 · Cited by 5
Can internet search data predict human migration intentions?
Qi, H., Reed, H. E., & Bevelander, P. (2025) · Comparative Migration Studies · doi:10.1186/s40878-025-00450-2 · Cited by 5
“…Grogger & Hanson, 2011; Clark et al., 2007; Pedersen et al., 2008; Mayda, 2010), the gravity model has also been widely used to infer migration responses to climate and socio-political changes (Abel et al., 2019; Black et al., 2011; Cattaneo et al., 2019; Clement et al., 2021; Rigaud et al., 2018).”
Laila, G. A., Ford, J. D., Ivanova, D., & Paavola, J. (2025) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105646 · Cited by 8
The unmovable borderland: war, home, and the decision against displacement in South Lebanon
Diab, J. L. (2025) · Journal of International Humanitarian Action · doi:10.1186/s41018-025-00177-w · Cited by 5
“Traditionally, forced migration research has focused on movement, often assuming that civilians will flee conflict when given the opportunity [15, 60].”
Conceptualising climate change vulnerability across the agrarian transition: The example of Egypt
Omar, A. R., & Bardsley, D. K. (2024) · Environmental Development · doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101087 · Cited by 5
From Sea to City: Migration and Social Well-Being in Coastal Cambodia
Asif, F. (2019) · The urban book series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98968-6_8 · Cited by 5
Migration as a Potential Heat Stress Adaptation Strategy in Australia
Zander, K. K., Richerzhagen, C., & Garnett, S. T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_8 · Cited by 9
“For most people in developing countries, responding to climate change by migrating is impeded by shortages of economic resources and human capital (Black et al. 2011a) or inhibited for cultural reasons such as a strong attachment to traditional lands (Mortreux and Barnett 2009; Adger et al. 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialWhen It’s Time to Let Go: Re-Imagining Coastal Urban Living in the Face of Rising Seas
Torabi, E., & Dedekorkut-Howes, A. (2020) · Cities research series · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8748-1_3 · Cited by 6
How do population movements fit within the framework of systemic risk?
Tagliacozzo, S., Guadagno, L., & Ayeb‐Karlsson, S. (2022) · Progress in Disaster Science · doi:10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100256 · Cited by 5
“In the absence of effective mitigation and adaptation measures, climate change is anticipated to trigger or amplify population movements through a variety of direct and indirect adverse impacts [9,11,23].”
Backgroundvon Lucke, F. (2023) · The anthropocene: Politik - economics - society - science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26014-8_7 · Cited by 5
Transnational Society in Light of Environmental Change
PRAAG, L. V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81504-2_16 · Cited by 5
Hasegawa, N., & Takabatake, T. (2023) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104108 · Cited by 7
Does Environmental Change Affect Migration Especially into the EU?
Moawad, D. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13030160 · Cited by 5
Climate migration and well-being: a study on ex-pastoralists in northern Kenya
van Duijne, R. J., Ogara, D. A. E., Keeton, R., & Reckien, D. (2024) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-024-00456-5 · Cited by 8
“Migration, in particular, is increasingly recognized as a viable adaptation strategy, with significant discussion in the literature (e.g., Black et al., 2011; Jacobson et al., 2019; Sakdapolrak et al., 2023; Szaboova et al., 2023; Thorn et al., 2023; Tubi & Israeli, 2023; Vinke et al., 2022).”
Simonelli, A. C. (2016) · Global migration issues · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42922-9_7 · Cited by 5
Stojanov, R., Duží, B., Kelman, I., et al. (2016) · Global migration issues · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42922-9_5 · Cited by 5
The evolution and impacts of Graeme Hugo’s environmental migration research
Gamlen, A., Bardsley, D. K., & Wall, J. (2018) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-018-0298-2 · Cited by 6
Adapting to Sea-Level Rise in the Indian Ocean
Harms, A. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108502238.005 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Black, R., Bennett, S. R. G., Thomas, S. M., & Beddington, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Government of the United Kingdom (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Black, Richard
- Bennett, Stephen R. G.
- Thomas, Sandy M.
- Beddington, John R.
- ORCID
- Black, Richard
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2011-10-20
- Volume
- 478
- Issue
- 7370
- Pages
- 447-449
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2032266442
- Cited by
- 1,043
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 80.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Keywords
- human migration, environmental change, adaptation, mobility, climate change, coping strategies
- MeSH terms
- Acclimatization, Disasters, Emigration and Immigration, Environment, Humans, Policy Making, Politics, Poverty, Risk, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Floods, Climate Change
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