The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 19 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Migration as adaptation
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
2 of 19 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Diminished soil quality in Kenya has led people to travel to diversify their income.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [4] Gray, C. Glob. Environ. Change 21, 421–430 (2011). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports a strong association in Kenya between low soil quality and temporary labor migration, and suggests that households send migrants to generate additional income. The claim presents this suggested response as an established causal effect; the paper does not establish that diminished soil quality caused people to migrate. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In 2004-05, for example, temporary labour migration in households that were farming land with high-quality soils was 67% lower than in those using poor soils 4 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [4] Gray, C. Glob. Environ. Change 21, 421–430 (2011). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Results §5.1 (Kenya; page not provided) reports that the odds of temporary labor migration were 67% lower for households with high-quality soil. The citing sentence presents this as a 67% reduction in migration itself, rather than in its odds. Data Collection §3.1 also says the Kenyan surveys were conducted in 2004 and 2007, not 2004–05. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, in Uganda, a relatively settled country with high 'entry costs' for housing, schools and marriage, those who are wealthier are more able to relocate.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In Bangladesh, for example, moving to cities has become a common coping strategy in the face of flooding.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3] Penning-Rowsell, E., Sultana, S. & Thompson, P. Population Movement in Response to Climate Related Hazards in Bangladesh: The 'Last Resort' (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“Environmental factors will increasingly influence migration.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Current greenhouse-gas emissions are already committing the planet to likely climate changes in the next 20 years.
- Not matched
In the paper
“and may be exacerbated by maladaptive policies designed to prevent migration.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“The greatest risks will be borne by those who are unable or unwilling to re locate”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“In Dakar, Senegal, for example, 40% of those who moved there between 1998 and 2008 live in areas of high flood risk 8 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] World Bank World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change (World Bank, 2010). source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Migration may be the most effective way to allow people to diversify income and build resilience where environmental change threatens livelihoods.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“In rapidly growing megacities, such as Dhaka and Lagos, that are located in delta and coastal floodplain regions in Africa or Asia, hundreds of millions more people may be at risk of flooding by 2060 (see 'Urban coastal flood risk').”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites A. VAFEIDIS ET AL.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
In the paper
“In a 2008 study, 22% of households affected by tidal-surge floods, and 16% affected by riverbank erosion, moved to urban areas 3 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3] Penning-Rowsell, E., Sultana, S. & Thompson, P. Population Movement in Response to Climate Related Hazards in Bangladesh: The 'Last Resort' (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“It contends that, although environmental change will alter an already complex pattern of human mobility, migration will offer opportunities as well as challenges.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our study suggests that the picture is not so one-sided.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
In the paper
“In Mali, emigration decreased during the severe droughts of 1983-85 alongside a rise in rural poverty 7 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Findley, S. E. Int. Migr. Rev. 28, 539–553 (1994).
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Migration is often expensive, and those most vulnerable to environmental change are usually poor.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Migrants stretch the capacity of existing infrastructure, especially in low-income countries, and new arrivals are frequently vulnerable.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In Africa, where the majority of international migrants stay within their subregion, such remittances to home communities quadrupled to nearly US$40 billion between 1990 and 2010, surpassing official development assistance since 2007 (ref.10).”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > A ROAD MAP FOR ACTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Ratha, D. et al. Leveraging Migration for Africa: Remittances, Skills, and Investments (World Bank, 2011). source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Environmental change can increase the incentive to move, but it can also limit the capacity to do so.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In 2008, attacks against these migrants resulted in 65 deaths and the further displacement of 150,000 people 9 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9] McGregor, J., Marazzi, L. & Mpofu, B. Conflict, Migration and the Environment: the Case of Zimbabwe (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, migrants may be socially excluded and so will need special attention.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > A ROAD MAP FOR ACTION
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“There may be confounding socio-political factors, such as in Somalia where armed conflict restricts movement 5 , or in New Orleans, Louisiana, where the evacuation plan for Hurricane Katrina assumed that everyone had access to a car 6 .”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > THE REALITY OF MIGRATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5] Kolmannskog, V. New Issues in Refugee Research Res. Pap. 180 (UNHCR, 2009); available at http://go.nature.com/pugh4r
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [6] Cutter, S. The Katrina Exodus: Internal Displacements and Unequal Outcomes (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Impoverished people face a double set of risks.They are unable to move away from environmental threats, and their lack of capital makes them especially vulnerable to environmental changes.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > Additional information
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Political instability, poor governance, conflict and social pressures compound these problems.”
§ Mobility can bring opportunities for coping with environmental change, say > INTERLINKED FACTORS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Current greenhouse-gas emissions are already committing the planet to likely climate changes in the next 20 years.
“Current greenhouse-gas emissions are already committing the planet to likely climate changes in the next 20 years.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Future droughts will threaten food security.
“Future droughts will threaten food security”
The paper relies on this without support.
People migrate for complex reasons including economic improvement, joining family, escaping persecution, and removing themselves from environmental or other threats, often temporarily.
“People migrate for complex reasons: to improve incomes; to join family members; to escape persecution; and to remove themselves from environmental or other threats, often temporarily.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The drivers of migration are closely intertwined, so it makes little sense to consider any of them in isolation.
“Many factors influence whether a person or family will migrate.Their effects are closely intertwined, so it makes little sense to consider any of them in isolation.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is an increasing acknowledgment that the character of climate migration is strongly determined by contextual factors, such as the political or socioeconomic conditions in a region, which affect households' access to alternative in-situ adaptation options, resources to bear the costs of migration, and the existence of migration networks (Black et al., 2011).”
From Improving the evidence base: A methodological review of the quantitative climate migration literature (2021) · cites this paper as Black et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
Cites
Bank, W. (2010) · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-7987-5 · Cited by 932
Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and DevelopmentPreprint
Klugman, J. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 804
Does Drought Increase Migration? A Study of Migration from Rural Mali during the 1983–1985 Drought
Findley, S. E. (1994) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/019791839402800306 · Cited by 344
Leveraging Migration for Africa: Remittances, Skills, and Investments
Ratha, D., Mohapatra, S., Özden, Ç., Plaza, S., Shaw, W., & Shimeles, A. (2011) · Cited by 258
The ‘last resort’? Population movement in response to climate-related hazards in Bangladesh
Penning-Rowsell, E. C., Sultana, P., & Thompson, P. M. (2013) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.03.009 · Cited by 241
Leveraging Migration for Africa: Remittances, Skills, and Investments
Ratha, D., Mohapatra, S., Ozden, C., Plaza, S., Shaw, W., & Shimeles, A. (2011) · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-8257-8 · Cited by 133
Soil quality and human migration in Kenya and Uganda
Gray, C. L. (2011) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.02.004 · Cited by 108
Ratha, D., Mohapatra, S., Özden, Ç., Plaza, S., Shaw, W., & Shimeles, A. (2011) · World Bank Publications · Cited by 34
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change Final Project Report (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
- Kolmannskog, V. New Issues in Refugee Research Res. Pap. 180 (UNHCR, 2009); available at http://go.nature.com/pugh4r
- Cutter, S. The Katrina Exodus: Internal Displacements and Unequal Outcomes (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
- Findley, S. E. Int. Migr. Rev. 28, 539–553 (1994).
- McGregor, J., Marazzi, L. & Mpofu, B. Conflict, Migration and the Environment: the Case of Zimbabwe (Government Office for Science, 2011); available at http://go.nature.com/somswg
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,028
Sobczak-Szelc, K., & Chułek, M. (2025) · Climate and Development · doi:10.1080/17565529.2025.2587080 · Cited by 2
Relationship between climate change and food security in cameroon: do remittances play a role?
Bimai, P. D., Meka’a, C. B., Nouffeussie, A. C. N., et al. (2026) · SN Business & Economics · doi:10.1007/s43546-026-01088-7 · Cited by 2
Chowdhury, S. (2026) · Growth and Change · doi:10.1111/grow.70137 · Cited by 2
Carper, E. W. (2019) · Journal of Sustainable Development · doi:10.5539/jsd.v12n3p175 · Cited by 2
Effects of Translocal Livelihoods on Rural Change
Steinbrink, M., & Niedenführ, H. (2019) · Springer geography · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22841-5_6 · Cited by 3
Trade‐offs in destination choices among the urban populations in three Southeast Asian countries
Zander, K. K., & Garnett, S. T. (2021) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.2460 · Cited by 2
Coping with Climate Change Vulnerability
Dasgupta, S., Wheeler, D. R., Sobhan, M. I., Bandyopadhyay, S., Nishat, A., & Paul, T. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1587-4_ch4 · Cited by 2
Mashula, N., Ntombela, N. G., Kunene, H. P., Sehlapelo, D., & Pophiwa, N. (2021) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74192-1_10 · Cited by 2
Haines, A., & Frumkin, H. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108698054.002 · Cited by 2
Friedline, T. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190944131.003.0001 · Cited by 2
Rigaud, K. K., de Sherbinin, A., Jones, B., Fernandez, A. T. C., & Adamo, S. B. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/36447 · Cited by 2
World Politics at the Edge of Chaos
Kavalski, E. (2015) · State University of New York Press eBooks · doi:10.1353/book.39884 · Cited by 35
Manuvie, R. (2023) · T.M.C. Asser Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-567-6_3 · Cited by 2
Nyathi, D., Ndlovu, J., Dube, T., et al. (2023) · Climate change management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28728-2_30 · Cited by 2
Lietaer, S., PRAAG, L. V., Hut, E., & Michellier, C. (2024) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnae013 · Cited by 2
Community resilience placed at the service of the climate-migration-conflict nexus understanding
Casano, G. (2024) · Environment and Security · doi:10.1177/27538796241239461 · Cited by 2
“…unrealistic to think that it is possible to unambiguously define a broad causal relationship between these phenomena (Black, Adger, et al., 2011; Black, Bennett, et al., 2011; Brzoska & Fro¨hlich, 2015; Burrows & Kinney, 2016; Ferris, 2020; ICRC, 2020; Kaczan & Orgill-Meyer, 2020; Mach et al.,…”
Álvaro, G. G., & Carretero, R. C. (2024) · European Public & Social Innovation Review · doi:10.31637/epsir-2024-412 · Cited by 2
“…and Climate Change (MECC) division to focus on preventing forced migration due to environmental factors, providing aid and protection to affected populations, facilitating migration as a climate change adaptation strategy, and enhancing the resilience of affected communities (Black et al., 2011).”
BackgroundFekadu, E., Hebo, M., & Emirie, G. (2024) · International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology · doi:10.1186/s41257-024-00117-3 · Cited by 2
“According to Black et al. (2011), migration provides both benefits and challenges for migrants.”
BackgroundPorter, J. R., Shu, E. G., Hauer, M., et al. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16223289 · Cited by 2
Ou‐Salah, L., & PRAAG, L. V. (2025) · Digital Geography and Society · doi:10.1016/j.diggeo.2025.100126 · Cited by 2
Watkins, L., Blanco, E., Barraza, J., de León, A. D., Pérez, M., & Rocha‐Jiménez, T. (2025) · Cities & Health · doi:10.1080/23748834.2025.2536890 · Cited by 2
“Within this framework, migration is often por-trayed as an opportunity to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change by relocating to safer areas (Black et al .”
The Political Ecology of Philippine Migration in a Changing Climate
Montefrio, M. J. F. (2025) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183251377434 · Cited by 2
Conclusions and Outlook: Research Results and Research Needs
Scheffran, J., Brzoska, M., Brauch, H. G., et al. (2012) · Hexagon series on human and environmental security and peace · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28626-1_38 · Cited by 2
Migraciones en Puebla en contextos de cambio climático
Ramírez, A. S. O., & Ramírez, M. A. E. (2016) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 2
Migration and natural disaster: Ex-ante preparedness and contribution to ex-post community recovery
Sur, P. K., & Sasaki, M. (2018) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mny006 · Cited by 2
Policy Responses to Climigration
Palinkas, L. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41890-8_8 · Cited by 2
Palinkas, L. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41890-8_10 · Cited by 2
Castilla, V., Canevaro, S., & López, M. B. (2021) · Revista de Estudios Sociales · doi:10.7440/res76.2021.04 · Cited by 2
“…los riesgos en tanto permite diversificar los medios de subsistencia y enfrentar las consecuencias de los cambios ambientales (Piguet y Laczko 2014; Black et al. 2011; OIM 2012), incluso cuando no exista una coherencia normativa entre las políticas migratorias y las relacionadas con el clima (OIM…”
BackgroundRigaud, K. K., de Sherbinin, A., Jones, B., Abu-Ata, N. E., & Adamo, S. B. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/36448 · Cited by 2
Managing Climate Migrants’ Inflows: Case Study of Greece
Kounani, A., Dragoi, C. I., Theodoulou, G., et al. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57281-5_126 · Cited by 2
Is internal migration a way to cope with weather extremes? Evidence from Egypt
Arouri, M. E. H., Youssef, A. B., & Nguyen, C. V. (2023) · Journal of Economics and Development · doi:10.1108/jed-03-2023-0062 · Cited by 3
Hassine, K. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316999264.003 · Cited by 2
Environmental Conflicts, Migration and Governance
Krieger, T., Panke, D., & Pregernig, M. (2020) · Bristol University Press eBooks · doi:10.51952/9781529202175 · Cited by 2
The demographic implications of climate change for Aotearoa New Zealand: A review
Cameron, M. P. (2013) · Research Commons (University of Waikato) · Cited by 2
Study on Flood Control Safety Evaluation Based on Composite Risk ModelPreprint
Lan, Y., Gui, F., Luo, D., et al. (2019) · doi:10.5194/nhess-2019-236 · Cited by 2
Internal Migration in the United States: A Comparative Assessment of the Consumer Credit Panel
DeWaard, J., Johnson, J. E., & Whitaker, S. D. (2019) · Working paper · doi:10.26509/frbc-wp-201804r · Cited by 1
To Go or Not to Go: Migration Alleviates Climate Damages Even for Those Who Stay BehindPreprint
Shayegh, S., & Casey, G. P. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3089671 · Cited by 2
“Existing research finds two common facts (Black et al., 2011; Cattaneo and Peri, 2016).”
InfluentialClimate shocks, agriculture, and migration in Nepal: Disentangling the interdependencies
Arslan, A., Egger, E., Mane, E., & Slavchevska, V. (2021) · Working Paper Series · doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2021/071-9 · Cited by 2
“Climate change is likely to decrease the former while increasing the latter (Black et al. 2011; Gemenne 2011).”
BackgroundMigration as a Vector of Economic Losses from Disaster-Affected Areas in the United States
DeWaard, J., Fussell, E., Curtis, K. J., Whitaker, S. D., McConnell, K., Price, K., Castro, C. A., & Soto, M. (2021) · Working paper · doi:10.26509/frbc-wp-202122 · Cited by 2
Mianabadi, A., Davary, K., Mianabadi, H., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1521503/v1 · Cited by 2
Millock, K. E., & Withagen, C. A. A. M. (2021) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789811240553_0010 · Cited by 1
Building a Policy-Relevant Research Agenda on Environmental Migration in Africa
Mueller, V. (2022) · International handbooks of population · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76433-3_8 · Cited by 2
Promoting migration as adaptation to climate change: addressing mobility barriers
Nabong, E. C., & Opdyke, A. (2022) · Development in Practice · doi:10.1080/09614524.2022.2043829 · Cited by 1
“Trapped populations are doubly disadvantaged in that they are vulnerable both socio-economically and geographically in areas prone to natural hazards (Ayeb-Karlsson, Smith, and Kniveton 2018; Black et al. 2011).”
BackgroundStay or leave Ethiopia: analysing migration as households’ two-stage decision
Lantz, T. L., Arbolino, R., Cembalo, L., & Caracciolo, F. (2022) · Development Southern Africa · doi:10.1080/0376835x.2022.2120458 · Cited by 1
“Indeed, scientific literature has found that migration flows have been affected by national policies (Black et al., 2011, Gofie, 2016, Tegegne & Penker, 2016, Nkoumou Ngoa, 2019).”
BackgroundMeissner, F., Sigona, N., & Vertovec, S. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544938.013.1 · Cited by 1
Situation of residential migration in the labor field in Ecuador, period 2016-2021
Garzozi-Pincay, R. F., & Garzozi-Pincay, Y. S. (2023) · HUMAN REVIEW International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades · doi:10.37467/revhuman.v20.4935 · Cited by 1
“…globally rising, and migration continue to be the source of increasing complexities and rapid changes in countries of origin, transit, and destination (Ayeb-Karlsson et al., 2018; Black et al., 2011; de Hass et al., 2019; IOM, 2019; McLeman, 2018; Warner et al., 2010; World Economic Forum, 2017).”
Challenges in Determining Migration Causes: Policies and Theories
Gebrewold, B. (2024) · Politics of citizenship and migration · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58568-5_2 · Cited by 1
Pitfalls of monetizing relational values in the context of climate change adaptation
Nilgen, M., Burger, M. N., Steimanis, I., & Vollan, B. (2024) · Ecosystems and People · doi:10.1080/26395916.2024.2427809 · Cited by 1
“…climate risk, however, smaller low-lying atolls are threatened to become uninhabitable in the future due to a rising sea level (Storlazzi et al. 2018), thereby steadily increasing the necessity of migration as an adaptive response (Black et al. 2011; Birk and Rasmussen 2014; Adger et al. 2020).”
Ramesh, S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84181-1_5 · Cited by 1
Unequal impacts of temperature deviations on poverty:International Evidence
Zhang, H., Zhang, A., Wu, K., Cai, Y., Qiu, Y. L., Wang, S., Wang, W., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2025.07.001 · Cited by 1
Lilier, K., Dalglish, S. L., Reñosa, M. D. C., Selim, S. A., Raihan, S. T., Islam, R., Das, J., Danquah, I., Sauerborn, R., & Bärnighausen, K. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325972 · Cited by 5
“Other studies have framed migration as either an adaptive response to environmental changes [72–74] or a maladaptive outcome when environmental pressures exceed coping capacities [75–77].”
The Interconnection Between Climate Change and Mental Health and Well-Being
Kurebwa, J., & Mahela, T. M. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3281-9.ch001 · Cited by 1
Kinship, dadon and patronage politics: The role of informal institutions in climate adaptation
Masud‐All‐Kamal, M., Hassan, S. M., & Haidar, J. (2025) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107216 · Cited by 2
Mafi-Gholami, D., Frazier, T. G., Heydari, M., et al. (2025) · Ocean & Coastal Management · doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108011 · Cited by 1
Regional Migration Challenges and Opportunities in Southern Africa
Bhanye, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_853-1 · Cited by 1
Beyond Blame: Migration's Limited Role in Madagascar's Deforestation
Rakotonarivo, O. S., Mueller, V., Rakotoarisoa, M., Harison, H. R., & Bell, A. R. (2026) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/con4.70018 · Cited by 1
Drought is associated with human migration in agriculture-dependent middle-income countries
Mazzoleni, M., Baldassarre, G. D., Hagström, A., & Raffetti, E. (2026) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-026-03358-6 · Cited by 1
“We found a less important role of drought in low-income subnations plausibly because limited fi nancial resources constrain migration, resulting in trapped population phenomena 25 .”
Remittances in response to environmental shocks: a panel study of rural Thailand and Vietnam
Thongchaithanawut, M., Borderon, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2026) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-026-00519-9 · Cited by 1
Das, K. K. (2026) · Migration and Development · doi:10.1177/21632324261427528 · Cited by 1
Hirsch, Z. M., Medgyesi, D. N., Buresch, J. M., & Porter, J. R. (2026) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli14040081 · Cited by 2
Hussain, Z., Mumtaz, S., & Ullah, I. (2026) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-026-03139-3 · Cited by 1
Climate cosmopolitanism: broadening and deepening citizenship in response to the climate crisis
Bauböck, R. (2026) · Ethics & Global Politics · doi:10.1080/16544951.2026.2660414 · Cited by 1
“Unlike refugee migration, which results from states’ failure to protect their citizens’ fundamental rights, labour migration is a potentially useful strategy of adaptation to climate change (Black et al. 2011).”
Environment-driven displacement and migration in India
Kumar, R. R., & Rajagopalan, A. (2026) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-026-02588-w · Cited by 1
“…to bridge the gap in current discourse on climate-induced migration, which remains fragmented due to inconsistent data frameworks and lack of integrated approaches linking displacement, migration, and adaptation along a continuum rather than as discrete categories (for instance Black et al. 2011).”
Rakib, M. A., Rakin, M. G. R., Jibon, M. J. N., Akter, A., & Valenzuela, V. P. B. (2026) · Geopsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.geopsy.2026.100090 · Cited by 1
Climate vulnerability of rural households in the central exposed coastal areas of Bangladesh
Ahmed, A., Hasan, M. K., & Uddin, M. E. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129914 · Cited by 1
Stoler, J. B., Pearson, A. L., Jepson, W. E., & the Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scales (HWISE)-Research Coordination Network (RCN) (2026) · Water International · doi:10.1080/02508060.2026.2667066 · Cited by 1
Bourai, T., Nandigama, S., & Sharma, A. (2026) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-026-02606-x · Cited by 1
“Migration has traditionally been viewed negatively, with tension and conflict resulting from forced displacement (Black et al. 2011).”
Buasri, N., Littidej, P., Pumhirunroj, B., Banluewong, K., & Slack, D. C. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26154853 · Cited by 1
“This finding https://doi.org/10.3390/s26154853 aligns with the broader disaster literature, which generally reports population decline or out-migration from hazard-prone areas following major flood events [6,8].”
InfluentialThe urban politics of Vancouver's "greenest city" agenda
Soron, M. B. (2012) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
Migrace jako adaptace na změnu klimatu
Stojanov, R., & Duží, B. (2013) · ASEP · Cited by 1
Relocation as an adaptation strategy to environmental stress
Entzinger, H., & Scholten, P. (2015) · Cited by 1
Climate Change-Associated Conflict and Infectious Disease
Bowles, D. C. (2016) · Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0553-2.ch003 · Cited by 1
Warming World, Threatened Poor
Ghosh, A. (2017) · Advances in Asian human-environmental research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63892-8_1 · Cited by 1
Discursive Dissonance in Socioecological Theatre
Ghosh, A. (2017) · Advances in Asian human-environmental research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63892-8_5 · Cited by 1
Environmental Change and Migration in Morocco: What Has Been Done So Far?
PRAAG, L. V., & Ou‐Salah, L. (2021) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61390-7_3 · Cited by 1
Andrasko, B. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94144-4_5 · Cited by 1
A Least Regrets Framework for Coastal Climate Change Resiliency Through Economic Development
McGuire, C. J., & Goodman, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57281-5_6 · Cited by 2
Climate Change-Associated Conflict and Infectious Disease
Bowles, D. C. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch062 · Cited by 1
Legun, K., Keller, J. C., Carolan, M., et al. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108554558.002 · Cited by 1
Superdiversity and Urban Planning
Pemberton, S. A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544938.013.9 · Cited by 1
Climate Change and Human Mobilities
Capisani, S. M. (2023) · Handbooks in philosophy · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16960-2_124-1 · Cited by 1
The Political Climate in Bangladesh
Spillan, J. E., & Rahman, M. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37822-5_7 · Cited by 1
The effects of environmental stress on global agricultural landownership
Linke, A. M., & Shawcroft, M. (2023) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-023-00429-0 · Cited by 1
“At least as often as households relocate, they cannot, as a growing literature focused on acute poverty and territorial isolation has emphasized (Black, et al., 2011; Black et al., 2013; Gray & Mueller, 2012; Black & Collyer, 2014; Ayeb-Karlsson, 2020; Wrathall et al., 2014).”
The Proliferation of Slums in Cameroon
Djomo, J. M. N., & Epo, B. N. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009389457.016 · Cited by 1
Flaim, A., & Nawyn, S. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2023.1227255 · Cited by 2
Sushch, O. (2023) · Juris Europensis Scientia · doi:10.32782/chern.v6.2023.4 · Cited by 1
Exploring the nexus between migration and urbanisation in the Southern Africa region
Chisasa, J., & Khumalo, P. (2023) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v12i10.3114 · Cited by 1
Diniega, R. (2024) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783839473801-008 · Cited by 1
Entangled Future Im/mobilities
Atanasova, D., Bund, R., Buschmann, D., Diniega, R., Donat, J., Gföllner, B., & Kopf, N. (2024) · Vernetzen - bewegen - verorten · doi:10.1515/9783839473801 · Cited by 1
Jadaan, J. B., & Hasan, Q. A. (2024) · Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review · doi:10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v4.n04.pe04294 · Cited by 1
Ou‐Salah, L., & Praag, L. V. (2025) · Population and environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-024-00474-3 · Cited by 1
“In discourses on the links between migration and adaptation, transnational migrant networks often seen as key to helping communities adapt to environmental change in their regions of origin (Black et al., 2011; Adger, De Campos & Montreux, 2018; Gemenne, 2011).”
Birch, T., & Carney, J. (2019) · Extreme weather and society · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27205-0_12 · Cited by 2
Human trafficing in armed conflicts
Đukić, A. (2020) · Vojno delo · doi:10.5937/vojdelo2001041d · Cited by 1
Gomes, M. C., & Guedes, G. R. (2021) · Revista Espinhaço · doi:10.5281/zenodo.4432775 · Cited by 1
Qualitative Data and Approaches to Population–Environment Inquiry
Henry, S. J. F., Dujardin, S., Henriet, E., & Baltazar, S. (2022) · International handbooks of population · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76433-3_7 · Cited by 1
Water Stress and Migration in Asia
Wrathall, D. J., & Van Den Hoek, J. (2022) · International Handbooks of Population · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76433-3_9 · Cited by 1
Legun, K., Keller, J. C., Carolan, M., et al. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108554510.002 · Cited by 1
Mosby, V. (2023) · Australian Social Work · doi:10.1080/0312407x.2022.2156801 · Cited by 1
“The most prominent drivers of migration were economic, political, social, demographic and environmental (Black et al., 2011).”
BackgroundHashiguchi, H., Toda, M., Shin, T., Cho, K. L., & Hiratsuka, M. (2023) · Tropics · doi:10.3759/tropics.sint06 · Cited by 1
Climate element of migration decision in Ghana: Micro EvidencePreprint
Amuakwa‐Mensah, F. (2015) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Black, R., Bennett, S. R. G., Thomas, S. M., & Beddington, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Government of the United Kingdom (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Black, Richard
- Bennett, Stephen R. G.
- Thomas, Sandy M.
- Beddington, John R.
- ORCID
- Black, Richard
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2011-10-20
- Volume
- 478
- Issue
- 7370
- Pages
- 447-449
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2032266442
- Cited by
- 1,043
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 80.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Keywords
- human migration, environmental change, adaptation, mobility, climate change, coping strategies
- MeSH terms
- Acclimatization, Disasters, Emigration and Immigration, Environment, Humans, Policy Making, Politics, Poverty, Risk, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Floods, Climate Change
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