Cited by 138Cell death mechanisms and regulationAutophagy in Disease and TherapyEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease

Intracellular localization of the BCL-2 family member BOK and functional implications

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Echeverry, N, Bachmann, D, Ke, F, Strasser, A, Simon, H U, Kaufmann, T·2013·Cell Death & Differentiation

Abstract

The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK is widely expressed and resembles the multi-BH domain proteins BAX and BAK based on its amino acid sequence. The genomic region encoding BOK was reported to be frequently deleted in human cancer and it has therefore been hypothesized that BOK functions as a tumor suppressor. However, little is known about the molecular functions of BOK. We show that enforced expression of BOK activates the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway in BAX/BAK-proficient cells but fails to kill cells lacking both BAX and BAK or sensitize them to cytotoxic insults. Interestingly, major portions of endogenous BOK are localized to and partially inserted into the membranes of the Golgi apparatus as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated membranes. The C-terminal transmembrane domain of BOK thereby constitutes a 'tail-anchor' specific for targeting to the Golgi and ER. Overexpression of full-length BOK causes early fragmentation of ER and Golgi compartments. A role for BOK on the Golgi apparatus and the ER is supported by an abnormal response of Bok-deficient cells to the Golgi/ER stressor brefeldin A. Based on these results, we propose that major functions of BOK are exerted at the Golgi and ER membranes and that BOK induces apoptosis in a manner dependent on BAX and BAK.

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  • BOK contributes to the regulation of ER homeostasis, as demonstrated by its prominent localization at the ER membrane and the defective apoptotic response of Bok−/− cells to some ER stressors.

    “As for BOK, it has been proposed that this BCL2 protein contributes to the regulation of ER homeostasis, as demonstrated by its prominent localization at the ER membrane [149] and the defective apoptotic response of Bok−/− cells to some ER stressors [150].”

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  1. Schinzel A, Kaufmann T, Borner C. Bcl-2 family members: integrators of survival and death signals in physiology and pathology [corrected]. Biochimica et biophysica acta 2004 Mar 1; 1644(2-3): 95-105.
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Authors
Echeverry, N., Bachmann, D., Ke, F., Strasser, A., Simon, H. U., & Kaufmann, T.
Affiliations
  • University of Bern (CH)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author
Kaufmann, T
Venue
Cell Death & Differentiation
Published
2013-02-22
Volume
20
Issue
6
Pages
785-799
ISSN
  • 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5403
OpenAlex
W2051366577
Cited by
137
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5
FWCI
5.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
Funders
  • University of Bern
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (119203)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
Keywords
BOK, Bcl-2 family proteins, Bax, Bak, intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum stress, brefeldin A, transmembrane domain, tumor suppressor, Golgi fragmentation, apoptosis
MeSH terms
Animals, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, Apoptosis, Mice, Knockout, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein, bcl-2-Associated X Protein, Mice, HEK293 Cells

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