The BCL-2 family of proteins and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death critical for the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. A key event within the mitochondrial pathway to apoptosis is the permeabilisation of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), a point of no return in apoptotic progression. This event is governed by a complex interplay of interactions between BCL-2 family members. Here we discuss the roles of opposing factions within the family. We focus on the structural details of these interactions, how they promote or prevent apoptosis and recent developments towards understanding the conformational changes of BAK and BAX that lead to MOM permeabilisation. These interactions and structural insights are of particular interest for drug discovery, as highlighted by the development of therapeutics that target pro-survival family members and restore apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Different BH3-only proteins preferentially bind specific anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members (e.g., BID, BIM, and PUMA potently bind all anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members; BAD preferentially interacts with BCL2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W; NOXA preferentially inhibits MCL1; and HRK preferentially inhibits BCL-XL).
“Different BH3-only proteins have been suggested to preferentially bind specific anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members (e.g., BID, BIM, and PUMA potently bind all anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members; BAD preferentially interacts with BCL2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W; NOXA preferentially inhibits MCL1; and HRK preferentially inhibits BCL-XL) [57, 113, 114].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [113]
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Galluzzi, L., Vitale, I., Aaronson, S. A., Abrams, J. M., Adam, D., Agostinis, P., Alnemri, E. S., Altucci, L., Amelio, I., Andrews, D. W., et al. (2018) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4 · Cited by 6,680 · see citing works
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Ben Othmène, Y., Monceaux, K., Belhadef, A., Karoui, A., Ben Salem, I., Boussabbeh, M., Abid-Essefi, S., & Lemaire, C. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103919 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
- Authors
- Birkinshaw, R. W., & Czabotar, P. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Czabotar, Peter E.
- Venue
- Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 72
- Pages
- 152-162
- ISSN
- 1084-9521 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2604323436
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NHMRC (1059331, 1079706)
- NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (1079700)
- Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support
- Australian Government NHMRC IRIISS
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- Bcl-2 family proteins, apoptosis, mitochondrial apoptosis, Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, protein-protein interaction, conformational change, cancer therapeutics, drug discovery
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Mitochondria, Neoplasms, Permeability, Protein Conformation, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Mitochondrial Membranes
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